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48、世界的气候类型
温度带 主要气候类型 气候特征 主要分布地区
赤道附近，如亚马逊平原、刚果
热带雨林气候 终年高温多雨
终年高温，一年分明显的旱雨两
热带季风气候
季，降水总量较多
热带
盆地和马来群岛等地。印度半岛和中南半岛
（终年炎热）
热带草原气候
终年高温，一年分旱雨两季，降 热带雨林气候的南北两侧，以非
亚热带
（冬季低温， 夏季高温，冬
水总量少
热带沙漠气候 终年高温少雨
冬季低温少雨，夏季高温多雨，
亚热带季风气候
雨热同期
洲的热带草原面积最为广
南北回归线经过的内陆地区以及大陆的西岸地区，撒哈拉沙漠最广
南北纬30°～40°的大陆东岸
季最冷月均温在0℃以上）
地中海气候 冬季温和多雨，夏季高温少雨 南北纬30°～40°的大陆西岸
温带 （冬冷夏热，冬季最冷月均温0℃
以下）
寒带
温带季风气候 温带海洋性气候温带大陆气候
冬季寒冷干燥，夏季高温多雨，
雨热同期
冬无严寒，夏无酷暑，一年中降水均匀，温差小
冬季漫长寒冷干燥，夏
季短促温和，温差大，降水少
南北纬40°～60°的
大陆东岸
南北纬40°～60°的大陆西岸
亚欧大陆和北美洲
（终年严寒）
寒带气候 终年严寒，降水稀少 格陵兰岛和南北美洲
第四章 居民与聚落第一节 人口与人种
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