物种起源
发布时间：2014-11-20 来源：文档文库
小
中
大
字号：
查尔斯和他的影响达尔文
This is Charles Darwin's seminal work, published for 150th years, The Origin of Species. There has been renewed hype about Darwin and his theory of evolution this year, since not only does this year mark the 150th anniversary of The Origin of Species, but it also marks the 200th anniversary of Darwin’s birth. While Darwin’s theory has stirred up controversy for nearly all of its history, its impact on modern science cannot be overstated. 今年是查尔斯达尔文的开创性的工作，出版第一百五十周年，species1的起源。有新的炒作，他今年达尔文理论的演进过程，因为这不仅年标记的物种起源的第一百五十周年纪念，也是对达尔文的birth2第二百周年。而达尔文的理论已经引起了争议，几乎所有的历史，对现代科学的影响不能过分夸大。
The idea of evolution did not originate with Darwin. Evolutionary thought dates back to the time of the Greeks, who toyed with the idea of organic evolution. During the Scientific Revolution, scientists laid the foundations of what would ultimately become the Darwin’s theory. After all, intelligent beings had to come from somewhere, and for the atheists, a natural explanation had to be found. For example, the French scientist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck came up with the idea of the transmutation of species. 进化的观点并不是来自达尔文。进化的思想可以追溯到希腊时代，谁摆弄着生物进化的观念。科学革命期间，科学家们把这将最终成为达尔文的理论基础。毕竟，智能生命又是从哪里来的，而对于无神论者，一个自然的解释被发现。例如，法国科学家拉马克让巴普蒂斯特想出了物种嬗变的想法。
Many people are familiar with how Darwin came up with the theory of evolution. Traveling on the HMS Beagle, Darwin observed several major facts that profoundly influenced his theory of evolution. His trip to the Galapagos Islands cemented in his mind the idea of the transmutation of species. After the five year journey around the world, Darwin returned and spent the next two decades working on his magnum opus, The Origin of Species. 很多人都熟悉了达尔文进化论。在贝格尔号的旅行，达尔文观察几个主要的事实，深刻地影响了他的进化论。他在加拉巴哥群岛凝成心里的物种嬗变的思想之旅。全球五年的旅程后，达尔文又花了二十年的工作在他的巨著，物种起源。
Unlike the impact of someone like Albert Einstein, Darwin’s influence on modern science is not with the introduction of a timeless theory. For example, while Einstein’s innovative 1905 paper is still recognized today as the foundation for the current understanding of relativity, The Origin of Species is a work useful only to historians, and has little scientific value. 不同的人喜欢艾伯特爱因斯坦的影响，达尔文对现代科学的影响是没有一个永恒的理论的介绍。例如，当爱因斯坦的创新1905的纸仍然是今天公认的相关性目前了解的基础上，物种的起源是一个只有历史学家有用的工作，而没有科学价值。
One might ask why Darwin’s work is so significant if indeed so much of his theory was so wrong. Today’s definition of “Darwinism” is hardly the theory propounded in his book at all. Rather, it is a conglomeration of 150 years of addition and revision, producing what we all understand today as evolution. However, Darwin’s ideas represented a fundamental shift in how biology was understood through his introduction of the idea of natural selection. This concept has led to numerous breakthroughs in our understanding of everything from disease control to computer science.
有人可能会问，为什么达尔文的工作是如此重要，如果确实如此他的理论是错误的。“达尔文主义”几乎是理论提出在他的书在今天所有的定义。相反，它是由150年的添加和修改，产生我们理解今天的演化。然而，达尔文的观点代表了根本性的转变，生物是如何通过他的介绍自然选择的概念的理解。这一概念具有LED在我们从疾病控制到计算机科学的众多突破一切的理解。
Yet I would be remiss to laud Darwin’s theory without pointing out the fact that it has had negative impacts on society. Social Darwinism is an application of Darwinism that has been used to bolster racist arguments. Perhaps the most prominent example of this was the Nazi policy of eugenics executed during the Holocaust. It is clear that like all scientific theories, the theory of evolution does not provide answers to moral questions, and without caution, it can be grossly misapplied. 然而，我认为可以赞美达尔文的理论没有指出它已对社会的负面影响。社会达尔文主义的进化论已经被用来支持种族歧视的一个应用。也许这个最突出的例子是大屠杀期间纳粹政策执行的优生学。很明显，像所有的科学理论，进化理论并没有提供对道德问题的答案，不小心，它可以严重误用。
The theory of evolution is radically different than what it was when Darwin first penned it in The Origin of Species. However, that does not lessen the magnitude of his achievement. Darwin stands as a monumental figure in the history of science, right along with the likes of Newton and Einstein. His idea of natural selection is the cornerstone for modern evolutionary thought, and provided a bases for scientists to better understand biology. What is perhaps so significant about Darwin’s achievement is how ahead of his time he was. Without any understanding of modern genetics3, Darwin managed to come up with the idea of inherited traits and the mutation of these traits over time. There can be no doubt that what Darwin came up with is nothing short of brilliant. 进化论是比什么是达尔文第一作者在物种起源的根本不同。然而，这并不会减少他的成就的大小。达尔文是科学史上的一个里程碑式的人物，随着牛顿和爱因斯坦这样的权利。他的自然选择的观点是现代进化思想的基石，并提供了一个基础的科学家更好地了解生物学。也许是达尔文的成果，重要的是如何超越他的时代他。没有任何了解现代genetics3，达尔文设法想出的主意和遗传性状的这些特征随时间的变异。毫无疑问，是达尔文的来是没有什么短期的辉煌。
When Charles Darwin died in 1882, he was world-reknown, and his influence had profoundly impacted science. In their admiration for his accomplishments, the British buried Darwin in Westminster Abbey near the grave of Sir Isaac Newton. Charles Darwin came up with a theory so radical and visionary with such diverse applications that resulted in such intense debate that he is perhaps alone among the great scientists in his impact on society. There can be no doubt that Charles Darwin, through his work, The Origin of Species, became one of the single most influential scientists of all time. 当查尔斯达尔文在1882去世，他是世界知名的，和他的影响力已经深刻地影响了科学。他们钦佩他的成就，英国埋达尔文在威斯敏斯特教堂附近的艾萨克牛顿爵士的坟墓。查尔斯达尔文想出了一个理论，激进的和富有远见的如此多样的应用，产生了激烈的争论，他也许就在他对社会的影响的伟大科学家之间。毫无疑问，查尔斯达尔文， 