2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷)
英 语
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共12页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、准考证号、县区和科类填写到答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。
2．第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3．第Ⅱ卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的位置，不能写在试卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第I卷
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15.
答案是 C。
1. When will the shirts probably be finished?
A. On Friday morning.
B. On Friday afternoon.
C. On Saturday afternoon.
2. What is the woman going to do on Friday?
A. Take an exam.
B. Study at home.
C. Go to the mountain.
3. What is the man’s job?
A. A barber. B. A pilot. C. A taxi driver.
4. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In the restaurant. B. In the clinic. C. In the classroom.
5. When should the woman turn right?
A. At the green sign. B. At Joe’s Garage. C. After two miles.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分22．5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6和第7题。
6. What is the man going to do tonight?
A. Come to the woman’s home for dinner.
B. Go to a concert with the woman.
C. Go to a concert with his sister.
7. What does the man think of the woman?
A. He thinks she is a good cook.
B. He thinks she does everything very quickly.
C. He thinks she isn’t good at cooking.
听第7段材料，回答第8至第10题。
8. What does the woman show the man?
A. Some clothes. B. A magazine. C. A new store.
9. What is the problem at the store?
A. The clothes are too expensive.
B. The clothes are not the right size.
C. The clothes are not available.
10. What will happen next Tuesday?
A. There will be a party.
B. The store will be closed.
C. The man can get what he wants.
听第8段材料，回答第11至第13题。
11. What do we know about the man?
A. He was speeding on purpose.
B. He got lost on the way.
C. He is new to driving.
12. Why did the woman try to talk to the man?
A. She was afraid for her safety.
B. She found the traffic too heavy.
C. She saw a police car behind them.
13. What will most probably happen to the man?
A. He will continue to speed.
B. He will get a ticket.
C. He will run his car into another.
听第9段材料，回答第14至第16题。
14. What does the man want the woman to do?
A. Meet his sister.
B. Drive to Canada.
C. Have a trip to Seattle.
15. When will the woman return from Seattle?
A. On Friday night.
B. On Saturday night.
C. On Sunday morning.
16. What do we know about the man’s sister?
A. She has longed to see the woman.
B. She won’t go back to Canada.
C. She can’t stay very long.
听第10段材料，回答第17至第20题。
17. How old was Miss Jenkins?
A. Less than twenty. B. Thirty. C. More than thirty.
18. Why did Miss Jenkins get fatter?
A. Because something was wrong with her.
B. Because she liked fat and sugar very much.
C. Because she never had any sports.
19. Why couldn’t Miss Jenkins get on well with her workmates?
A. Because she was richer than them.
B. Because she was fatter than them.
C. Because they often laughed at her.
20. What would Miss Jenkins do to the cake?
A. She would eat it up by herself.
B. She would share it with her friends.
C. She wouldn’t eat any cake.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15分，每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题给出的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Maria Callas was born Maria Anna Sofia Cecilia Kalogeropoulus in New York City in 1923. Her mother wanted her children to study music. Maria had a beautiful voice but she was very shy. Her mother forced her daughter to sing at contests and on radio programs. Maria won many top prizes, but she wasn’t very happy.
Maria’s father did not want to pay for expensive music lessons. He and his wife argued. When Maria was 13, she moved to Greece with her mother and sister. Her mother lied about Maria’s age and got her into the Athens Conservatory. Maria studied hard for two years. She had no time for friends or fun.
In 1939, Maria began to study with a world-famous Spanish opera singer, Elvira de Hidalgo. She changed Maria’s life. De Hidalgo taught her to sing and act. She also taught her how to fix her hair and choose beautiful clothes. Maria joined Greece’s National Opera at age 16 and took the stage name Maria Callas. At 17, she was a permanent member. She was the youngest person ever to join a European opera company.
Soon Callas became an international star. Some called her the “Golden Voice of the Century.” She acted and sang with great emotion. Her style changed opera forever. In 1947, she joined La Scala, the leading opera house in Milan. By age 24, Callas was giving 50 performances a year. Some people said this was not good for her singing voice.
Sadly, Callas was not happy. She argued with everyone and did not get along with other singers. She has a problem with her throat and started to lose her singing voice when she was only 35. Maria Callas died in 1977 at the age of 53. We remember her as one of the greatest opera singers of the twentieth century.
21. Why did Callas study music when she was very young?
A. Her mother forced her to do so. B. Her father taught music lessons.
C. She loved to show her beautiful voice. D. She was pleased to win top prizes.
22. How did Elvira de Hidalgo change Maria’s life?
A. She advised Maria to start a European opera company.
B. She helped Maria take the stage name Maria Callas.
C. She got Maria into the Athens Conservatory.
D. She taught Maria how to sing and act and dress.
23. Which of the following might be harmful to Maria’s singing voice?
A. She sang with great emotion. B. She gave to many performances.
C. She argued with everyone. D. She joined the leading opera house in Milan.
24. Which of the following best describes Maria Callas?
A. Popular and tolerant. B. Serious and boring.
C. Talented but unhappy. D. Honest but unfriendly.
B
25. What does Tom intend to do at first?
A. To have a family lunch.
B. To invite his friend to a barbecue.
C. To go for a drink with his friends.
D. To ask for help from his friends.
26. The underlined part “snowed under” in the second email means “___________”.
A. buried under snow B. very bored
C. entirely relaxed D. extremely busy
27. What will Tom probably do after sending the last email?
A. Prepare the barbecue. B. Go to the pub.
C. Have a rest. D. Call his friends.
C
If you stand a short distance away from a high wall and shout, your voice sometimes comes back to you as an echo. This knowledge was made a few years before the last war, when radio waves from a transmitting (发送) station were reflected back from a distant airplane.
It was realized that if an apparatus (装置) could be designed to send out radio waves all the time and record the echoes from any approaching airplanes, it would be a wonderful method of defense in war.
Scientists set about solving the problem and radar was invented. An apparatus was made which sent out waves in pulses, and the presence of a distant airplane was shown on the screen (this is what we have in a television set). In this way radar station could detect the approach of enemy aircraft.
After the war radar was put to peaceful uses. It is now installed at airports to guide airplanes down safely in fog. It is fitted to ships so that they are warned of obstructions (障碍物) ahead, such as icebergs. It guides ships into port. It provided airplanes and ships with a magic eye, with which they can see far into the distance, in the dark or in fog.
28. What does “the last war” in the first paragraph refer to?
A. the World War I B. the World War II
C. The Oct. Revolution D. the Chinese Liberation War
29. For what purpose did scientists first invent radar?
A. To help find their enemies. B. To guide ships into port.
C. To send out sound waves. D. To help airplanes land safely.
30. The invention of radar .
A. has nothing to do with the reflection of sound waves.
B. is exactly the same as the reflection of sound waves
C. is on the basis of the reflection of sound waves
D. is by changing sound waves into radio waves
31. From the passage we may infer that radio waves can .
A. only be reflected from airplanes
B. be reflected from anything not far away
C. be reflected from almost everything
D. only be reflected from anything made of metal
D
When Matty Sallin was working on a degree in art and technology at New York University, he got an interesting assignment in electronics class: Create something for the household. He decided to create an alarm clock.
“Everybody has to deal with these every day, and they are extremely unpleasant!" he says. He asked different people what they’d like to wake up to instead of a clanging, noisy alarm. A lot of them said, "The smell of bacon.”
So Sallin and two classmates invented a new kind of alarm clock: a wooden box with a pig face and a digital clock that uses the smell of cooking bacon rather than sound to wake someone up. He explains, “There’s no danger of burning, because it uses halogen light bulbs（卤素灯泡）instead of a flame for cooking and turns off automatically after ten minutes.”
Just a few easy steps are required to set the “alarm.”
“What you do is put a couple of frozen pieces of bacon in the night before,” says Sallin. “If you set the alarm for 8:00, it will turn on at 7:50 and slow cook for ten minutes under the halogen bulbs,” he says. Then the bulbs turn off and a fan blows the smell out through the pig nose.
“So instead of an alarm or a beep or a radio, you smell yourself awake,” says Sallin. “Then you can open the door on the side and pull the bacon out and eat it.”
When Sallin was a kid, he spent a lot of time making drawings of inventions. “I wanted to make an elevator in my back yard and a special tree house,” he says. “But I never really thought I’d be called an inventor!”
32. Why did Sallin choose to create a new alarm clock?
A. His classmates had no alarm clocks. B. His alarm clock in use was out of fashion.
C. Many people disliked the noisy alarm. D. Many people had difficulty in waking up.
33. In what way is Sallin’s alarm clock special?
A. It wakes people up with the smell of bacon.
B. It warns people of the danger of burning.
C. It can also be used as a lamp.
D. It is very small in size.
34. The pig nose on the alarm clock is used _______.
A. to cook the bacon B. to let the smell out
C. to sound the alarm D. to blow the flame.
35. What do we know about Sallin?
A. He decides to make more alarm clocks.
B. He has a special gift for clock designing.
C. He has always dreamed of becoming an architect.
D. He showed an interest in invention at an early age.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A GUIDE DOG
Yasmin has short golden hair and enormous brown eyes. She is just seven years old and she lives in Kent, England with her owners, David and Rachel. 36 In fact, she is his eyes.
Yasmin sleeps on her own mat which is next to David’s bed. They both wake up at 6:30 every morning. David washes and gets dressed, then they go downstairs together. They have breakfast, then Yasmin fetches David’s keys and wallet and she takes him for a walk in the park. 37
Going for walks with David is hard work but Yasmin doesn’t mind. She has to concentrate hard on the traffic and all the other people in the streets. 38 When they get to work, Yasmin’s job is much easier. She just sits in her place, under David’s computer desk. But she can’t relax completely. She has to remain alert in case David needs her!
39 He doesn’t need Yasmin’s help so much in the house, because he knows where everything is and, of course, he has Rachel to help him when necessary. Yasmin tries to stay out of his way so that he doesn’t fall over her! She is always on hand so he can call her when he wants her to help him.
40 When they get home he always thanks her for her help during the day and they play for a while. “It’s hard work being someone’s eyes, but I know Yasmin loves working for me and she knows that I appreciate all her help,” says David. “She makes it possible for me to live a normal life.”
A. They usually stay home where they listen to music and relax.
B. When David finishes work, Yasmin escorts him home where he makes her dinner.
C. For example, sometimes she gets very tired.
D. She lets David know when it is safe to cross the roads and if there is anything in his way.
E. After dinner, Yasmin and David usually go for another walk in the park.
F. After that, she helps him to find his way to work.
G. She works for David, who can’t see.
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was living in South Korea a few years back when I had to leave the country and return again, due to visa restrictions. My 41 was the port town of Fukuoka, in Japan.
I had plenty of 42 in Korean currency which I intended to 43 into Japanese currency in order to get me through the evening. Little did I know, however, that it was a bank 44 in Japan and there was 45 to change my money.
With no local money, I had little 46 but to walk from the terminal towards town while trying to 47 what to do. Some hours and a few 48 banks later, I heard two young European 49 in French and, with nothing to lose, asked if 50 spoke any English. They were Belgian students and, after 51 my predicament(困境), offered to 52 meeting their friends to take me around the city in 53 of a currency exchange.
They 54 my bus tickets and took me around several locations 55 finally finding me a hotel that would change my money.
I 56 them their money back plus some extra for drinks on their night out. They 57 and insisted that they wanted nothing for the tickets, 58 that I should join them and their friends if I wanted to buy them a drink.
Hours later, after a fantastic night out, they 59 me a taxi and helped me get on my way. Their 60 still shocks me and inspires me to help others whenever I can.
41. A. destination B. problem C. point D. mind
42. A. room B. time C. money D. work
43. A. go B. exchange C. move D. break
44. A. holiday B. account C. robbery D. system
45. A. everywhere B. anywhere C. somewhere D. nowhere
46. A. time B. effect C. choice D. trouble
47. A. take over B. pick up C. look for D. work out
48. A. closed B. large C. local D. failed
49. A. quarrelling B. chatting C. answering D. thinking
50. A. every B. each C. either D. neither
51. A. hearing B. leaving C. losing D. watching
52. A. continue B. consider C. start D. postpone
53. A. favor B. search C. honor D. view
54. A. turned in B. looked into C. paid for D. made up
55. A. before B. when C. since D. unless
56. A. found B. offered C. cost D. showed
57. A. believed B. expected C. left D. refused
58. A. adding B. realizing C. forbidding D. agreeing
59. A. led B. handed C. ordered D. made
60. A. experience B. business C. relationship D. kindness
第II卷
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。
Jim and Mary were both patients in a Mental Hospital. One day while they 61 (walk) by the hospital swimming pool, Jim 62 (sudden) jumped into the deep end. He 63 (sink) to the bottom. Mary promptly (迅速地) jumped in 64 (save) him. She swam to the bottom and 65 (pull) Jim out.
When the medical director became aware 66 Mary’s heroic act he immediately reviewed her file and called her into his office. “Mary, I have good news 67 bad news. The good news is you’re being discharged (释放) 68 since you were able to jump in and save the life of another patient, I think you’ve regained your senses. The bad news is Jim, the patient you saved, hanged himself 69 his bathrobe (浴衣) belt in the bathroom, he’s dead.”
Mary replied, “He didn’t hang himself, I hung him up 70 (dry).”
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误， 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
One day a man wanted to visit his friend. It is far away, so he took some bread with him for his lunch. When he walked along, he said to himself, “My friend is sure to give me a very nice meal. Why is the use of the bread?” So he throw the bread to the ground.
At noon he came to a river. Because the rain in the past few days, the river was deeply, and he could not cross it. He hoped to have a boat to take he over. So he waited and waited until the sun began to sink. Then he said to himself, “I can’t go to my friend’s home today. I have to go back to home.” Then he started to go home. Soon he felt hunger. He wanted very much to have something to eat, but he could find something. Suddenly he found a piece of dirty bread on the road. He picked them up quickly and ate it happily. It was his own bread.
第二节 书面表达
假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你校校报英文版正在进行征稿活动，请你根据以下要点写一篇题为On the Internet的征文稿：
1. 网络给人们带来的便利；
2. 网络引发的问题；
3. 你对待网络的态度。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考答案
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
1-5: CBCBA 6-10: CABCC 11-15: ACBAC 16-20: CCBCA
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）
21-25 ADBCB 26-30 DCBAC 31-35 CCABD
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
36-40 GFDBE
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
41-45 ACBAD 46-50 CDABC 51-55 ADBCA 56-60 BDACD
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
61. were walking 62. suddenly 63. sank 64. to save 65. pulled
66. of 67. and 68. because 69. with 70. to dry
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
One day a man wanted to visit his friend. It is far away, so he took some bread with him for
was
his lunch. When he walked along, he said to himself, “My friend is sure to give me a very nice
meal. Why is the use of the bread?” So he throw the bread to the ground.
What threw
At noon he came to a river. Because∧the rain in the past few days, the river was deeply, and
of deep
he could not cross it. He hoped to have a boat to take he over. So he waited and waited until the
him
sun began to sink. Then he said to himself, “I can’t go to my friend’s home today. I have to go
back to home.” Then he started to go home. Soon he felt hunger. He wanted very much to have
hungry
something to eat, but he could find something. Suddenly he found a piece of dirty bread on the
nothing
road. He picked them up quickly and ate it happily. It was his own bread.
it
第二节 书面表达
On the Internet
The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life. On the Internet, We can send messages, make phone calls, read various kinds of books and learn foreign languages by ourselves. We can even do shopping on the Internet.
However, the websites not only contain good information, but harmful information as well, which can mislead people. There are also annoying advertisements and illegal information on the Internet.
Whether you like it or not, the internet has made our life more colorful. If our government takes necessary measures, I firmly believe that the Internet will provide more convenience for us.
听力录音稿：
第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读第1小题的有关内容。
(Text 1)
M: Do you think that you can have these shirts finished by Friday morning?
W: I’m sorry. I couldn’t possibly get them done by then. Saturday afternoon would be the earliest you could have them.
(Text 2)
M: Would you like to go to the mountain with us on Friday?
W: I would enjoy that very much if I didn’t have to take an exam on Saturday. I think I’d better stay home and study.
(Text 3)
W: Can you speed it up a little? I’ll be late for my flight.
M: Take it easy. I’m taking a short cut. We’ll make it on time.
(Text 4)
M: Have you found anything wrong with my stomach?
W: Not yet. I’m still examining. I’ll let you know the result next Monday.
(Text 5)
W: Excuse me. How do I get to Joe’s Garage?
M: Just keep going straight for 2 miles, then turn left. Walk until you see the big green sign, and then turn right. You should see it there.
第一节到此结束。
第二节（共15个小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6和第7题。现在，你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。
（Text 6）
W: When can we expect you for dinner? Can you come tonight?
M: Not tonight. I promised to go to a concert with my sister.
W: Well...How about Friday then?
M: That sounds fine.
W: Good. Shall we say seven o’clock?
M: I’ll be there! You’re still a wonderful cook, aren’t you?
W: That’ll be for you to decide. I’ve got a new dish that I want to try out on you.
M: I’m ready. I think I’ll fast all day Friday!
听第7段材料，回答第8至第10题。现在，你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。
(Text 7)
M: Hello, I am looking for some new clothes. Do you have any suggestions?
W: Well, what sort of style are you looking for?
M: I don’t know. I just want some nice-looking, comfortable clothes that I can wear to a party.
W: I see. Well, you can have a look through this magazine. It has all of our newest clothing items.
M: I like this shirt and these pants. Do you have them here?
W: Unfortunately, no. What you see here is last season’s clothes. The new clothes will arrive next week.
M: I see.
W: When is your party?
M: Not till the 21st.
W: Well, tell me your size and I will have them ready for you next Tuesday, if you like.
M: OK, great. Thank you.
听第8段材料，回答第11至第13题。现在，你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。
(Text 8)
W: Jack… uh … don’t you think you should slow down a bit?
M: Slow down? What do you want me to do that for?
W: But the speed limit is 70 and you’re doing at least 80 and…
M: Don’t talk to me while I’m driving.
W: I only want you to slow down a bit. There’s a pol…
M: If you don’t want me to get angry, keep quiet.
W: No, Jack.
M: My Goodness! What’s that?
W: A police car, Jack. They’re following you.
M: A police car! Why didn’t you tell me?
W: I tried, but you said I mustn’t talk to you while you’re driving.
听第9段材料，回答第14至第16题。现在，你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。
(Text 9)
M: Hi, Jane. Would you be able to come over this Friday night? My sister will return from Canada. You two might like to get to know each other.
W: Oh! I’d love to. But I have to go to my younger brother’s graduation on Friday night after work. It takes four hours to get to Seattle, you know.
M: Seattle? Well, it’s really too bad you can’t make it.
W: Is there any chance that you could ask her to stay around for a little bit longer? I’ll be getting back early Sunday. Well, if I can’t get hold of her this time, maybe I’ll have to wait till the next time she comes around. Mmm, give me a call on Saturday night.
M: Ok, I will.
听第10段材料，回答第17至第20题。现在，你有20秒钟的时间阅读这四个小题。
(Text 10)
Miss Jenkins was born in a rich family. She liked all the foods which were rich in fat and sugar. So she got fatter and fatter. Her workmates often laughed at her for it. She was angry with them and couldn’t get on well with them. But her weight brought her some trouble. No young man liked a fat girl like her and now she was more than thirty, and she had to live alone. She went to see the doctors. They gave her a list of the healthy diets and advised her to lose weight and of course it was difficult for her to do so. For example, it was her birthday one day. She went to a restaurant and bought a nice cake. The waiter asked her how many pieces she wanted him to cut it into. She thought for a while and said she was losing her weight so the cake would be cut only into two, not into six.
第二节到此结束。
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