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功能语法SFG10 textual theme

发布时间：2023-03-24 06:32:55 来源：文档文库

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ThemeandRheme
Themeisaclause-initialelement.Themeisalwaysthatwhichcomesfirstintheclause(inEnglish.
▪Themeprovidesthe"localcontext"forthedevelopmentoftheclausalmessage.TherestofthemessageiscalledRheme.▪Themeisthepointofdeparture.WhatthismeansisthattheThemeisthepointbeyondwhichthemessageintheclauseproperlytakesoff.
▪
Thethematicportioncanhaveasmanyasthreeelements:
TextualTheme（structural）
ConjunctionsConjunctiveadjunctsWh-relatives[½text.,½top.]
InterpersonalTheme
VocativesModaladjunctsFiniteelementsWh-questionwords[½int.,½top.]TopicalTheme
ParticipantCircumstanceProcess

WhereThemestopsandRhemestarts.Hereisthegoldenrule:
Intheclause,youstartatthebeginningandkeeponsearchinguntilyoufindtheTopicalTheme.Onceyou'vedonethat,youhaveyourThematicportion.EverythingelseafterthetopicalThemeistheRheme.TheThematicportion,therefore,iseverythingfromthestartoftheclauseuptoandincludingtheTopicalTheme(unmarked.
However,you'llneedtomakeanexceptionwheremarkedThemesareconcerned.ItispossibleforthethematicportiontocontainmorethanonetopicalTheme,providedallthetopicalThemesinthethematicportionaremarked.Moreonthislater.
Let'sstartatthebeginningoftheclause.Ifyouencounteranyofthefollowing:Continuatives(eg,umm,yeah,...▪Conjunctions(eg,and,or,but

▪Conjunctiveadjuncts(eg,however,therefore,because,...▪Wh-relative(eg,that,which,who,...
▪
labelthemasTextualThemes.
Asindicatedinthetableabove,makeaslightexceptionforwh-relatives.TheyarebothtextualandtopicalThemerolledintoone.Goingbythegoldenrule,ifyouhaveaclauseinitiatedbyawh-relative(whichisbothatextualandtopicalTheme,everythingelseafterthewh-relativewouldbeRheme.Forexample:Theofficial,«whoTxt/TopTheme
Ifyouencounterthefollowing:
Vocatives(eg,Henry!,Sir!,...

▪Modaladjuncts,includingmoodandcommentadjuncts(eg,probably,usually,frankly,...

▪Finiteoperators(eg,modalauxiliaries,'be'auxiliary,...▪Wh-questionword(eg,who,what,where,how,why

▪
sleptonameeting,»losthisjob.RhemelabelthemasInterpersonalThemes.
Again,makeanexceptionforwh-questionwords.ThesearebothinterpersonalandtopicalThemessqueezedintoone.Example:

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