名词性从句
>>>>高考提示:考察热点,难度系数较大的考察点。
一、名词性从句:在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。二、分类:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句。Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.Idon’tknowifhecanhelpme.Thequestionishowhedidit.
Thenewsthatwewonthegameistrue.
>>>>>三、引导名词性从句的连接词,意义,功能,例句。连接词that
意义无词义
功能不作成分,只起连接作用
不作成分,只起连接作用
例句
Iknowthatheisastudent.
whether/if是否Iknowifheishere.
what,whichwho,whom,whoseWhen,where,how,why
什么,哪个谁,谁的什么时候,什么地方,怎么样,为什么多少
多久/多久一次/多长/多么无论什么无论谁无论谁无论哪个
主语,宾语,Whathedidisnotknown.表语
主语,宾语,Thequestioniswhocanhelpus.定语状语
Iwanttoknowwhyhewasn’there.
Doyouknowhowmanybookshehad?
Canyoutellmehowoftenyouseeafilm?
howmany/muchhow
soon/often/long/muchwhateverwhoeverwhomeverwhichever
定语状语
主语,宾语,Whateverhedidwasright.表语主语宾语
Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.Themanagersmayemploywhomevertheychoose.
主语,宾语,Youcancontactusbytelephone
oremail,whicheveryouprefer.定语
说明:
1、whether与if引导的名词性从句的区别。表“是否”之意时,用whether不用if的情况:(1)正式文体中,句中有ornot时。Idon’tknowwhetherornothecanstayherelonger.(2)在引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句时。Thequestioniswhetheryoucandoityourself.
Whetheritwilldousharmorgoodremainstobeseen.Thequestionwhetherhewillcomehereisn’tdecidedyet.
(3)在介词后时。Itdependsonwhetherwecangetenoughmoney.
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(4)在不定式前。Shehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.
(5)作discuss等词的宾语。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.Δ如果宾语从句是否定结构,则用if而不用whether引导。HeaskedmeifIwasn’tgoingthere.
Δ用it作形式主语时,whether或if都可引导主语从句。Itisnotcleartomewhether/ifhelikesthepresent.
2、当主句谓语动词表示不肯定或怀疑时,宾语从句用whether/if引导;表示有把握时,用that引导。
Idoubtwhether/ifhecanwinthematch.Idon’tdoubtthathecanwinthematch.3、(1)that引导的名词性从句作介词的宾语,只用在except,but,in后,其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that