名词性从句

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名词性从句
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一、名词性从句:在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。二、分类:主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句。Whetherhellcomehereisntclear.Idontknowifhecanhelpme.Thequestionishowhedidit.
Thenewsthatwewonthegameistrue.
三、引导名词性从句的连接词,意义,功能,例句。连接词that
意义无词义
功能不作成分,只起连接作
不作成分,只起连接作
例句
Iknowthatheisastudent.
whether/if是否Iknowifheishere.
what,whichwho,whom,whoseWhen,where,how,why
什么,哪个谁,谁的什么时候,什么地方,怎么样,为什多少
多久/多久一次//多么无论什么无论谁无论谁无论哪个
主语,宾语,Whathedidisnotknown.表语
主语,宾语,Thequestioniswhocanhelpus.定语状语
Iwanttoknowwhyhewasn’there.
Doyouknowhowmanybookshehad?
Canyoutellmehowoftenyouseeafilm?
howmany/muchhow
soon/often/long/muchwhateverwhoeverwhomeverwhichever
定语状语
主语,宾语,Whateverhedidwasright.表语主语宾语
Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.Themanagersmayemploywhomevertheychoose.
主语,宾语,Youcancontactusbytelephone
oremail,whicheveryouprefer.定语
说明:
1whetherif引导的名词性从句的区别。表“是否”之意时,用whether不用if的情况:1)正式文体中,句中有ornot时。Idontknowwhetherornothecanstayherelonger.2)在引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句时。Thequestioniswhetheryoucandoityourself.
Whetheritwilldousharmorgoodremainstobeseen.Thequestionwhetherhewillcomehereisntdecidedyet.
3)在介词后时。Itdependsonwhetherwecangetenoughmoney.

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4)在不定式前。Shehasntdecidedwhethertogoornot.
5)作discuss等词的宾语。Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.Δ如果宾语从句是否定结构,则用if而不用whether引导。HeaskedmeifIwasntgoingthere.
Δit作形式主语时,whetherif都可引导主语从句。Itisnotcleartomewhether/ifhelikesthepresent.
2、当主句谓语动词表示不肯定或怀疑时,宾语从句用whether/if引导;表示有把握时,that引导。
Idoubtwhether/ifhecanwinthematch.Idontdoubtthathecanwinthematch.31that引导的名词性从句作介词的宾语,只用在except,but,in后,其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导则用it先行一步作形式宾语。Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheiscareless.YoumayreplyonitthatIshallhelpyou.2that引导宾语从句时,that可省去。Mikesaid(thathewasntfeelingwell.注意下面句中的that,一般不可省去。
Theytoldusonceagainthatthesituationwasserious.Theytoldusthatonceagainthesituationwasserious.
Hesaid(thathehadbeenworkingherefortenyearsandthathewanttohome.(3that在引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句时,一般不省略。Thefactthathewonthematchistrue.
4whatever,whoever,whichever引导的主语从句与它们引导的让步状语从句的区别。whatever,whoever,whichever引导的主语从句在主句中作主语,因此主句中没有另外的主语Whatever,whoever,whichever引导的让步状语从句在主句中作状语,因此主句中有自己的主语
Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.=Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.
Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.=Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.
四、使用名词性从句应注意的事项。
1it作形式主语或形式宾语,把真正的主语从句或宾语从句放在句子后面。
Itisinterestingthatyoushouldlikehim.注意下面的句型:
(1Itssaid/thought/believed/reported/hopedthatItisbelievedthattheearthwasflat.
(2Ithappened/occurred/chanced/appeared/seemedthatIthappenedthathewasthere.(3句中It指某种情况
Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.2名词性从句的语序。
名词性从句的语序为陈述语序,即:连词(+被修饰语)+主语+谓语。Whoheisdoesntmattermuch.
YoucantimaginehowexcitedIwasatthatmoment.3名词性从句与主句时态呼应

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主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的时态不受主句的限制,但宾语从句的时态一般要受主句的限制。主语是现在时态时,从句时态根据情况而定;主句是过去时态时,从句须用与过去有关的时态,除非宾语从句叙述的是真理、客观事实或谚语。如:Idontknowwhereheisnow/wherehewasyesterday.Hetoldusthathehadbeenmarriedfortenyears.Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.Theteachertoldusthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.4宾语从句的否定前移。
常用结构有Idontthink/believe/expect/imagine/supposethatIdontthinkhewillcome.
五、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用。
1一些动词后跟宾语从句时,从句用虚拟语气,即(shoulddo形式。这类动词是:一
insist,order/command,suggust/propose/advise,demand/require/request/ask.
Hedemandedthatwe(shouldbeontime.
Theyhaverecommendedthatthesite(shouldbeclosed.
2itissuggested/requested/orded/proposed/important/necessary等结构的主语从句中。Itissuggestedthatwe(shouldfinishourwork.Itisimportantthatwe(shouldstudyEnglishhard.
3suggestion/order/plan/idea/recommendation/request等名词后的表语从句或同位语
从句中。
Myideaisthatwe(shouldhaveapicnicinthecomingweekend.六、that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
that引导的同位语从句起连接从句的作用,无意义,不作句子成分,不能省去。that在定语从句中不仅起连接作用,还当句子成分,如果在定语从句中作宾语可省去。Thenewsthatwewonthegameistrue.Thenewsthathetoldusistrue.
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