2017考研英语二真题+答案（缺少完型填空1-20）
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points).
People have speculated for centuries about a future without work,.Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again_1_ warning that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by_2_ inequality: A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and not mutually exculsive _3_ holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one _4_by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives _5_, people will simply become lazy and depressed. _6_, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for _7_Americans. Also, some research suggests that the _8_ for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction _9_ poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Another study shows that people are often happier at work than in their free time. Perhaps this is why many _10_ about the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t _11_ follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with malaise. Such visions are based on the_12_of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the _13_ of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could _14_ strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the _15_ of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a squandering of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway who has written about a world without work. “Global surveys find that the vast majority of people are unhappy at work.” These days, because leisure time is relatively _16_ for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional _17_ of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel _18_,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself _19_a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for _20_ matters.
1 [A]boasting [B]warning[C]denying[D]ensuring
2[A]uncertainty[B]unreliability[C]instability[D]inequality
3[A]policy[B]guideline[C]prediction[D]resolution
4[A]measured[B]divied[C]balanced[D]characterized
5[A]meaning[B]wisdom[C]glory[D]freedom
6[A]indeed[B]instead[C]thus[D]nevertheless
7[A]rich[B]working[C]urban[D]educated
8[A]substitute[B]requirement[C]compensation[D] explanation
9[A]under[B]beyond[C]among[D]alongside
10[A]leave behind[B]worry about[C]make up[D]set aside
11[A]atatistically[B]necessarily[C]occasionally[D]economicall
12[A]downsides[B]chance[C]benefits[D]principles
13[A]course[B]height[C]face[D]absence
14[a]disturd[b]restore[C]yield[D]exclude
15[A]model[B]virtue[C]practice[D]hardship
16[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]scarce[D]mysterious
17[A]threats[B]standards[C]qualities[D]demands
18[A]tired[B]ignored[C]confused[D]starved
19[A]off[B]against[C]into[D]behind
20[A]professional[B]technological[C]educational[D]interpersonal
完型填空【答案】
1. B warning
2. D inequality
3. C prediction
4. D characterized
5. A meaning
6. A Indeed
7. B working
8. D explanation
9. A under
10. worry about
11. B necessarily
12. B chances
13. D absence
14. C yield
15. C practice
16. C scarce
17. D demands
18. A tired
19. C into
20. D interpersonal
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.
Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympic would be to lever a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012-but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.
Parkrun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sport and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim is mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.
Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved planing of such a fundamentally “grassroots” concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.
21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has ͟͟ ͟ ͟ ͟ .
[A] gained great popularity
[B] created many jobs
[C] strengthened community ties
[D] become an official festival
22. The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy”has failed to ͟͟ ͟ ͟ ͟ .
[A] boost population growth
[B] promote sport participation
[C] improve the city’s image
[D] increase sport hours in schools
23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it ͟͟ ͟ ͟ ͟ .
[A] aims at discovering talents
[B] focuses on mass competition
[C] does not emphasize elitism
[D] does not attract first-timers
24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should ͟͟ ͟ ͟ ͟ .
[A] organize “grassroots” sports events
[B] supervise local sports associations
[C] increase funds for sports clubs
[D] invest in public sports facilities
25. The author’s attitude to what UK government have done for sports is ͟͟ ͟ ͟ ͟ .
[A] tolerant
[B] critical
[C] uncertain
[D] sympathetic
Text1【答案】
21.A gained great popularity 22.B promote sport participation 23.C does not emphasize elitism 24.D invest in public sports facilities 25.B critical
Text 2
With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”
Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 per cent fewer verbal and 39 per cent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.
Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive- as they often are when absorbed in a device- it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.
On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasised, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it- particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the time.
26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to______.
[A] absorb user attention
[B] increase work efficiency
[C] simplify routine matters
[D] better interpersonal relations
27. Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices______.
[A] takes away babies’ appetite
[B] distracts children’s attention
[C] reduces mother-child communication
[D] slows down babies’ verbal development
28. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” to show that______.
[A] it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions
[B] parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs
[C] verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange
[D] children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ mood
29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to______.
[A] protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies
[B] teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year
[C] remain concerned about kids’ use of screens
[D] ensure constant interaction with their children
30. According to Tronick, kids’ use of screens may_______.
[A] make their parents more creative
[B] give their parents some free time
[C] help them with their homework
[D] help them become more attentive
Text2【答案】
26. A absorb user attention
27. C reduces mother-child communication
28. B parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs
29.D ensure constant interaction with their children
30.B give their parents some free time
Text 3
Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving word often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.
But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or a lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hind the success of academic pursuits-in fact, it probably enhances it.
Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college that those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes - all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.
If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choice. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college. Many students find themselves listing one major on their college application, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be closely to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston college, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.
31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that
A. they think it academically misleading
B. they have a lot of fun to expect in college
C. it feels strange to do differently from others
D. It seems worthless to take off-campus courses
32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps
A. Keep students from being unrealistic
B. Lower risks in choosing careers
C. Ease freshmen’s financial burdens
D. Relieve freshmen of pressures
33. The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to
A. Adaptation
B. Application
C. Motivation
D. Competition
34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them
A. Avoid academic failures
B. Establish long-term goal
C. Switch to another college
D. Decide on the right major
35. The most suitable title for this text would be
A. In Favor of the Gap
B. The ABCs of the Gap Year
C. The Gap Year Comes Back
D. The Gap Year :A Dilemma
Text3【答案】
31.B They have a lot of fun to expect in college
32.D relieve freshmen of pressure
33.B adaptation
34.A decide on the right major
35.B In favor of the Gap Year
Text 4
Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of the wildfires is a national concern because of impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.
In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spend on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal finds todays are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservations, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.
Another nationwide concern is whether public front other agencies are going into construction in fire—prone districts. As Moritz puts it ,how often are federal dollors building homes are likely to be lost to a widefire?
“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure persperctive for the whole country,” he says “We need to take a manifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minitues, is this Ok?” Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concertrate on lower—hazardparts of the landscape?”
Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fires, researchers say.
For one thing, conversation about wildfires needs to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change —how the warning of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.
While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.
“ The human system and landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go boths ways,” he says. Falling to recognize that, he notes, leads to “ an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”
At the same time , people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Proffesor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing for the laws, politics, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says .
“We’re disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says ,” It is really important to understand and try and trease out what is the human connection with the fire today .”
36. More frequency wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they tend to
A. cause a huge a rise of infrastructure expenditure
B. severely damaged the ecology of western states
C. consumed a record—high percentage of budget
D. exhausted unprecendented management efforts
37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to
A. raise more funds for fire-prone areas
B. guarantee safer spending of public funds
C. avoid the redirection of federal money
D. find widefire—free parts of the landscape
38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that
A. public debates have not selected yet
B. fire—fighting conditions are improving
C. other factors should not be overlooked
D. a shift in the view of fire has taken place
39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of falling to
A. understand the interrelation of man and nature
B. maximize the role of landscape in human life
C.explore the mechanism of the human systems
D. discover the fundamental makeup of nature
40. Professor Balch point out that fire is something man should
A. do away with
B. keep away from
C. pay a price for
D. come to terms with
Text4【答案】
36. C consumed a record-high percentage of budget
37. A raise more fund for fire-prone areas
38. C other factors should nod be overlooked
39. A understand the interrelations of man and nature
40. D come to terms with
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWE SHEET.(10 minutes)
The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore.” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.
Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.
But there is also a different way to look at the data.
Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: Instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing. American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every year. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their places. Other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.
For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers - and upward pressure on wages. “ They’re harder to find and they have job offers.” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm. “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing as well as manufacturing.” Mr Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.
At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keeps a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers. Five are retiring this year. Mr Roth has three community-college students enrooled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $17 after two years.
At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I loving creating.” he says.
But to win over these young workers, manufacturing have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downtown since the Great Despreesion, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recessions.” says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency western Michigan.
There concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2015. When the recovery began, worker strangers first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skilled levels.
“The gap is between the jobs that take on skill and those that require a lot of skills.” says rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is.”
Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community College points to another key to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a worker/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “ Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives.” she says.
【答案】
41. Jay Dunwell 答案C says that for factory owners, workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.
42. Jason Stenquist 答案D says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.
43. Birgit Klohs 答案B says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off of the young people’s parents.
44. Rob Spohr 答案F points out there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill.
45. Julie Parks 答案G points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturing.
Section Translation
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neat on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favorite activities. But, to be honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promotion.”
46.【答案】我总是梦想着在一个与时尚和出版相关的地方工作。在中学毕业前的两年，我参加了一个缝纫和涉及课程，并想着自己会继续去学习一个时尚设计课程。然而，上课期间我意识到自己并不擅长这一领域，将来也竞争不过其他富有创造力的人才，因此我断定对我而言，这并非正确的道路。申请大学之前，我告诉大家，我会学习新闻专业，因为写作曾经是，而且现在仍然是，我最喜欢的活动之一。但是，坦诚而言，我之所以这样说，是因为我认为时尚于我只是一个梦想——我知道根本没有人能够想象我会从事时尚行业。因此我决定找一些与时尚有关而又包含写作的课程。恰在那时，我注意到了“时尚媒体与推广”课程。
Section Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to
1) Accept the initation, and
2) Introduce the key points of your presentation.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write your address. (10 points).
47.【答案】
Dear Professor Williams,
I would like to extend my hearty gratitude to you for your invitation to give a lecture. And I am very delighted that I could have the opportunity to introduce Chinese culture to these international students. The key factors for my lecture are as follows. To begin with, I would talk about the development of Chinese culture, since it can let these students understand China more comprehensively. Furthermore, I will introduce the communication of Chinese culture with foreign ones, which will help the students have an easier grasp of Chinese culture.
Once again, thank you very much for your invitation. I am looking forward to seeing you soon.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
48.【答案】
Here is a line chart, telling us an interesting phenomenon. It goes without saying that the chart records the amount of museums and that of their visitors in China from 2013 to 2015, which successfully arouses our curiosity. As is clearly reflected by the chart, the numbers of museums and of tourists have witnessed great changes during the two years. Especially, the sum of visitors has experienced the most dramatic change, jumping from 637.8 million in 2013 to 781.1 million in 2015. Obviously, the various inclinations, clearly reflected by the chart, should be given more consideration
Theoretically, several reasons may trigger the trend that increasing people are in a large part willing to go to museums, but for my part, the following two are of great importance. On the top of list is that the improvement of living standard has offered people abundant time and money to visit museums. In addition, there is the other point that no one can deny. It is universally admitted that the growing diversity of museums has attracted more and more people.
Taking into account what has been discussed above, we may safely come to the conclusion that the current situation will continue in the forthcoming years.
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