一、并列连词and所连接的分句在语义上的含义
1.表示在动作或事物的前后，一般译为“然后、随即”。
She came in and sat down.
她走了进来，随后就坐了下来。
I pulled the trigger and the gun went off.
我扣动扳机，枪随即响了。
2.表示递进关系，一般可译为“甚至、何况、还”等。
Friction is not always undesirable and can be very useful.
摩擦并不总是不好的，它甚至可能是有用的。
It was not easy to carry such a heavy load,and during the dog day.
提那样的重物已经是够困难的了，何况是在三伏天。
3.表示意义上的转折或让步，可译为“虽然、尽管、但、却”等。
He tried hard and (yet) he failed to get the job.
他努力尝试，却（仍然）没能得到那个工作。
You are not lazy,and still you are an idler.
你并不懒，但多少有点游手好闲。
4.表示对照、对比关系，可译为“而、却”。
She bought me cakes,and I helped her do her homework.
她买蛋糕给我吃，而我帮她做作业。
It can be difficult when you don’t think something is important and someone else does.
如果你并不认为某事重要而某人却认为重要，这时情况就可能不大好办。
5.表示对前面所述事项的结论或看法，and后可加分句或名词组，and一般不译出。
You gave him a piece of your mind,and a very good thing too.
你率直地批评他，这是件好事。
They disliked Joe——and that’s not surprising.
他们不喜欢乔，这并不让人惊讶。
6.表示因果关系，当前面的部分表示原因时，and=so that，译为“因此、从而、所以”；也有将表示原因的部分放在and后的，这时and=because，直接译为“因为”。
Sound is carried by air,and without air there can be no sound.
声音靠空气传播，因此没有空气也就没有声音。
Aluminum is used as the engineering material for planes and spaceships and it is both light and tough.
铝用作制造飞机和宇宙飞船的工程材料，因为铝质轻且韧性好。
7.引起一个插入句，用于中断语气，以便表示意见、看法。这时，and引起的句子中的主语多为第一人称，and引起的句子与句子其余部分用逗号隔开。
Some people,and I make no criticism at all,have not been around much lately.
有些人——而我决无批评之意——最近不常露面。
Finally,and I really ought to stop in a minute,I wish to make the following recommendation.
最后——再说我也真该马上就结束发言了——我希望提出以下几点建议。
8.用于祈使句后表示条件，即：祈使句+and=if。可表达请求、允诺、威胁和警告等意图，祈使句中的动词有时也可以省略。
Make another effort and you will succeed.
再做一次努力，你会成功的。
One more word and I’ll knock you flat.
再说一句，我就打扁你。
9.and that结构用来代替前面分句中的整个谓语以避免重复，是一种加强语气的省略说法，and可译为“而且”。
He makes mistakes,and that very often.
他出错，而且常常出错。
I studied Greek and Latin,when I was young,and that at Oxford.
我年轻的时候学过希腊文和拉丁文，而且是在牛津大学学的。
二、连接两个名词、动词或形容词，其中的一个词对另一个词有从属关系
1.把两个有关的名词结合起来，其中一个对另一个表现为从属关系或两者表示同一概念。当它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
The bread and butter is ready.
黄油面包准备好了。
Criticism and self?鄄criticism is practiced among the people.
人民内部实行批评与自我批评。
2.连接两个形容词，前面的一个形容词是nice,fine,good或rare时，and加上前面的形容词实质上是充当了副词的功能，对后面的形容词表示修饰的从属关系。
It is nice and cool outside.
外面真凉快呀。（nice and cool=nicely cool）
The boy is bad.Yes!He was good and bad.
那孩子很坏呀。是的！他真是很坏。
3.连接两个动词，后面的动作是前面的动作的目的。前后两个动词并不是并列的各自独立的关系，而是一主一次、有轻有重。and相当于不定式的标志to,and前面常见的动词有：go,come,try,mind,stay,stop,be sure等。
Try and get the work done today.
设法把这件事在今天完成。
The meeting is very important,you must mind and arrive by six.
这次会议非常重要，你必须注意在六点之前到。
三、其他重要用法
1.连接两个或两个以上的相同的名词可以表示数量众多的含义，也可以用来表示同一事物的优劣良莠，这是一种委婉的修辞手法，可以避免直接说good and bad。
In Holland,everywhere you go,you’ll find water and water.
在荷兰，无论你到哪里，你会发现到处是水。
There are bargains and bargains,so watch out.
有诚实的交易，也有骗人的交易，所以要当心。
2.连接两个比较级的形容词或副词，表示“越来越……”的含义。
The wind blew harder and harder.
风刮得越来越大。
Your work is getting better and better.
你的工作越干越好了。
3.连接两个或两个以上的相同的动词、名词或具有继续意义的词，表示连续不断的动作。
“Sail on and on and on,”said Columbus to the sailors.
哥伦布对水手说：“继续航行，别停下。”
That night,we walked for hours and hours till the day broke.
那天晚上，我们走了几个小时直到拂晓。
4.在“cannot...and...”结构中，表示两事的矛盾，有其一则不能有其二，两者不可兼得。
You cannot eat your cake and have it.
（谚语）你不能两者兼得。
One cannot smoke and drink and keep healthy.
一个人不能又抽烟又喝酒，又能保持健康。
and 用法一览
and可以说是英语中使用频率最高的一个连词,其用法也相当广泛:
一、连接并列的词、短语、不定式与句子。
1. 两个形容词置于一个名词前除表示同一性质或颜色的情形以外一般不用and。
a red and black car 红与黑两种颜色的小汽车
a tall dark man 一个又高又黑的男人
2. 记数在百位与十位之间加and,千位与个位之间加and。
three hundred and fifty (350)
three thousand and six (3006)
3.三个以上的词或短语并列,通常只在最后一个词(短语)前加and, and 前逗号可省略.
I visited Beijing, Shanghai(,)and Guangzhou.
误: John lives in the country, keeps a cat and a dog.
正:John lives in the country and keeps a cat and a dog.
4. 与人称代词连用时,第一人称在and 后,但若是做了错事则要放最前面。
You and I are students. 你和我都是学生。
I and you have made mistakes. 我和你都犯了错误。
5. 连接两个不定式,第二个不定式前不用to。
I'd like to lie down and go to sleep.我可要躺下睡觉了。
6. 连接两个并列的宾语从句,第二个宾语从句前不能省去that。
He told me that he had received my letter and that he would soon come to see me.他告诉我他已收到我的信并很快要来看我。
7. and 一般意为"和,并且"。
Mother and father are away today.妈妈和爸爸今天外出了。
二、在come, go, try, mind, stay, learn, write后and再加一个动词,表示目的,and等于"to"。
Try and(=to)get the work done before dark.尽量在天黑前把活干完。
I'll write and thank him.我要写信感谢他。
You must mind and arrive by six. 你必须注意在六点前到。
三、用在形容词good, nice, fine等之后,表示"很, 挺"之意, 前一个形容词起副词作用。
It's good(=quite)and cold outside.外面特别冷。
He will be fine(=very)and joyful.他会非常高兴的。
四、为一个整体的两个名词并列,第二个名词前一般不加冠词。
my mother and father 我的父母。
但:my father and my uncle我的父亲与我的叔叔。
五、用在两件通常配在一起的东西或人前,指统一的人或事时,前只用一个冠词。
a knife and fork一副刀叉
a headmaster and secretary 校长兼党委书记
六、用于连接句子,表示"而, 却"。如:
He is rich, and(yet) leads a simple life. 他很富有,但却过着朴素的生活。
七、要注意有无and用法上的区别。
It was fine, and we went out for a picnic=It being fine, we went out for a picnic. 天气很好,我们出去吃野餐了。
There were fifty people in the village, the old included.= There were fifty people in the village, and the old were included.村子里包括老人在内有50人。
八、祈使句+and+主句相当于if引起的条件状语从句。
Think hard and(=then)you'll have a good idea.
比较:If you think hard, you'll have a good idea.
Thinking hard, you'll have a good idea.好好想想,你就会想出好办法。
九、构成短语
1. and so on 等等
They are interested in art, music, and so on.他们对艺术,音乐等都感兴趣。
2. both...and....既......又......
He ate both the apple and the pear. 他把苹果和梨都吃了。
一、表示并列或对称的关系 and可以用来连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子，可译为“和”、“并”、 “又”、“兼”等。如：
Lucy and I go to school five days a week. 我和露西每周上五天学。（连接两个并列主语） You must look after yourself and keep healthy.你必须照顾自己并保持身体健康。（连接两个并列谓语）
They teach us Chinese and we teach them English.他们教我们汉语，我们教他们英语。（连接两个简 单句）
如果连接两个以上的词语，通常把and放在最后一个词语前面；为了强调，可在两者之间分别加上and；把词语连接起来时， 通常把较短的词语放在前面。如：
I like eggs，meat，rice，bread and milk.我喜欢鸡蛋、肉、米饭、面包和牛奶。
All that afternoon I jumped and sang and did all kinds ofthings.那天整个下午我又唱又跳，做各种各样的事情。
The apples are big and delicious.苹果又大又好吃。
有些用and连接的词语，次序是固定的，不能随意改变。如：
men，women and children男人、妇女和儿童；fish and chips 炸鱼加炸土豆片等。
二、表示目的 在口语中，and常用在go，come，try等动词后连接另一个动词，表示目的。此时and相当于 to，不必译出。如：
Go and see！去看看！
Come and meet the famly.来见见这家人。
三、表示条件和结果 在祈使句后，常用and连接一个简单句，表示条件与结果的关系， 它们在语法上是并列关系，但在意义上却是主从关系，也可译为“如果……就……”。如：
Work hard and you will live happily.＝If you work hard，you will live happily.如果你努力工作，你就会活得愉快。
Come early and you will see him.＝If you come early, youwill see him.如果你早来的话，你就会见到他。
四、表示承接关系 and用在句首，起承上启下的作用， 可译为“因此”、“那么”、“于是”等，也可不译。如：
And what's this？那么这是什么呢？
And the air today is nice and clean.今天的空气真清新。
五、表示动词的先后关系 and常用来连接两个动词或动词词组，后一个动词所表示的 动作发生得迟一点 。此时and相当于then， 可译为“然后”。如：
Then he got out of the lift and climbed up to thefifteenth floor on foot.于是他从电梯里走 出来，然后步行爬上第15层楼。
Go along the street，and take the third turning on theright.沿这条街走，然后在第三个路口向右拐。
六、表示动作上的伴随关系 and连接两个动词， 动作同时发生，前一个动词表示姿势 或状态，后一个动 词表示伴随动作， and 相当于while，可译为“边……边……”。如： They talked and laughed happily.他们愉快地边谈边笑。
The baby watched and listened.这个婴儿边看边听。
七、表示因果关系 and连接两个动词或两个分句，带有因果关系，此时and相当于so， 可译为“便”、“ 于是”、“因而”、 “结果”等。如：
She couldn't find her mother and began to cry.她找不到妈妈，于是哭了起来。
It's a fine day today,and everyone is busy. 今天是个好天气，因而人人都很忙。
八、表示意义上的增补 and连接两个分句，第二个分句是第一个分句的补充或进一步说明，可译为“又 ”、“同时”等。如：
If you want to be thinner and healthier,you have to eatless food—and you also have to ta ke more exercise. 如果你想既苗条又健康，你就得少吃食物——同时，你还得多进行运动。
Don't be late—Oh,and put on your old clothes.别迟到——噢，还要穿上你的旧衣服。
Exercise 1：
1许多人相信科技的最大弊端就是它可能会带来一些难以想象的消极影响。
1 Many people believe that the biggest disadvantage of technology is that it may give rise to some unimaginative negative influences.
2计算机会使人们丧失想象和创造力这一事实使我相信其是祸而非福。
2 The fact that computers deprive people of their imagination and creativity makes me believe that they are a curse rather than a blessing.
3毫无疑问互联网的快速发展使得许多人相信它是万能良药然而情况并非总是如此。
3 It goes without saying that the eye-catching development of the Internet makes many people believe that it is cure-all solution. However, it is not always the case.
4无可否认博物馆可以扮演一个教育的作用，因为它给公众提供一个好的机会去研究他们国家的历史和传统。
4 It cannot be denied that museums can play an educational role for the simple reason that they provide the public with a good opportunity to study their countries’ history and tradition.
5许多人没能够意识到这样一个重要的事实语言的多样性将会极大的推动文化的发展。也许这就是为什么许多语言现在正处于濒临灭绝的境地。
5 Many people fail to take into account the vital fact that the diversity of languages will enhance the cultural development and that is why so many languages are on a verge of extinction.
6没有任何的一样东西能像电视这样毁誉参半。
6 Nothing has received more praise and abuse than TV.
7毫无疑问，家庭成员之间的关系已经不像以前那么亲密。
7 There is no doubt that the relationship between family members is not as close as it used to be.
8广告之所以盛行主要在于它们的信息容量很大。
8 The reason why advertisements are so prevailing is that they are informative.
9互连网是如此盛行因此没有人可以避免不受到它的影响。
9 So prevailing is the Internet that nobody can avoid being influenced by it.
10可想而知，从事兼职工作可以培养学生的独立性和团队合作精神。
10 It is conceivable that students taking part-time jobs can cultivate their independence and team-work spirit.
11当前的教育模式远不能让人满意。
11 The present educational patterns leave much to be desired.
12造成该现象的最主要原因在于过度工业化似乎已经成了一种无法避免的趋势。
12 The most obvious reason for this phenomenon is that over-industrialization seems to be an unavoidable trend.
13文化多元化对人类文明而言就如空气之对于地球。
13 The cultural diversity is to human civilization what air is to the earth.
14造成该现象的原因有许多。
14 There are probably many reasons contributing to this phenomenon.
15一谈到计算机，人们持有不同的看法。
15 When it comes to computers, people hold divergent views.
16考虑到该问题的严重性，我们必须得想出一些切合实际的措施来解决它。
16 Given the seriousness of this risk, we have no alternative but to think up some practical solutions to resolve it.
17没有人能否认，我们已经进入了一个全球信息化的时代。
17 No one can deny the fact that we have entered a brand new era of global information.
18无疑，有关教育的话题总是能够引起我们的关注。
18 To be sure, the topic concerning education can always attract our eyes.
19在当代社会，环保总是能够引起我们的关注。
19 Never does the environmental preservation fail to fascinate us in modern society.
20众所周知，大学的主要作用是培养一个人的全面发展。
20 As we all know, the main function of a university is to cultivate one’s all-around development..
21可以毫不夸张地说学会如何合作在一个人的职业中是至关重要的因素。
21 It is no overstatement to say that learning to cooperate with others is the key factor in one’s career.
22手机就是一个绝佳的例子。
22 The mobile phone is a good case in point.
23众所周知，物种的多样性是地球最大的魅力。
23 As is widely-accepted, diversity of species is the greatest charm of the Earth.
24总之，国际旅游业的好处远远多过于它的弊端。因此，应该充分提倡和支持国际旅游业的发展。
24 To conclude, the advantages of the international tourism far outweigh its disadvantages. Thus, it should be supported and advocated to the full.
25没有任何一种说法比这种观点更加荒唐了。
25 Nothing is further from the truth than this opinion.
26这两种观点都有其可取之处。
26 There is an element of truth in both opinions.
27对该问题的另一层考虑在于真正好的大学教育应该是理论与实践并重。
27 Another consideration in this case is that an excellent education should place equal focus on both theories and knowledge.
28频繁的商业交流的加速发展既带来了机遇也带来了挑战。
28 The ever-accelerated updating of frequent commercial communications has brought about both chances and challenges.
29正是通过合作，人们在今天才能够享受一种更好的生活。
29 It is through cooperation that people can enjoy a better life today.
30教育在这样一个不断发展的社会对我们是不可或缺的。
30 Education is indispensable to us in this updating society.
Exercise 2：
1我确信幸福取决于许多不同的因素。
1 I am fully convinced that happiness depends on many different factors.
2众所周知，竞争和合作是当代社会的一个热点话题。
2 It is well-known that competition and cooperation is a hot topic in modern society.
3我确信国际旅游业带来更多的好处。
3 I am fully convinced that international tourism brings about more benefits.
4那些在外国学习的孩子将会有机会去体验一种完全不同的文化。
4 Those children who study abroad will be blessed with an opportunity to experience a totally different culture.
5通过互联网，学生可以学到很多有用和启发性的知识。
5 Through the Internet, students can acquire a great deal of knowledge which/that is useful and thought-provoking.
6网络是一种有效的拓展孩子知识面的工具。
6 The Internet is a tool which/that can expand children’s horizon of knowledge.
7那些被父母鼓励去从事兼职工作的孩子会拥有更多的自信。
7 Those children whom parents encourage to take part-time jobs will possess more confidence.
8那些国际力量薄弱的国家将在国际事务中没有发言权。
8 Those nations whose national defense is weak will have no right to speak in the international affairs.
9我想列出的第一点好处发展旅游业将会促进经济的发展。
9 The first advantage I want to present is that to develop international tourism will enhance the economic development.
10互联网的快速发展使得我们享受更好的生活成为一种可能。
10 The eye-dazzling development of the Internet has made it possible for people to enjoy a better life.
11英语作为一门全球化的语言使得语言的多样化发展成为一种不可能。
11 English as a global language has made it impossible for the cultural diversity to develop.
12因此，我们今天所做到的一切应该是停止无谓的炫耀。
12 Thus, what we should do today is to stop showing off.
13为了解决这个问题我们必须采取切实有效的措施。
13 To solve this problem, we should adopt feasible solutions.
14可以毫不夸张地说互联网已经彻底改变了我们工作学习和娱乐的方式。
14 It is no overstatement to say that Internet has revolutionized the way we live, work, study and play.
15更确切的说我们离开广告就不行。
15 To be exact, we can never do without advertisements.
16很明显学校和老师的作用无法被取代。
16 To be clear, the role of teachers and schools cannot be replaced.
17总之，我支持后者。
17 To summarize, I take the side with the latter.
18更糟糕的是，由于缺乏经验，许多青少年无法明辨是非。
18 To make matters worse, due to their inexperience, youngsters cannot tell right from wrong.
19把所有的因素都加以考虑的话，我们可以得出如下的结论：前者很明显更具有说服力。
19 Taking all factors into account, we can draw a conclusion that the former carries more weight.
20从教育学的角度而言，孩子在上学期间做兼职工作将会浪费许多宝贵的时间。
20 Educationally speaking, taking part-time jobs during the schooling may waste students’ precious studying time.
21自己学习,孩子可以培养克服困难的勇气和独立思考的能力
21 Studying alone, children can cultivate their courage to overcome difficulties and the ability to think independently.
22我们现在已经进入一个信息爆炸的时代，每天我们都得面对各种各样的广告。
22 Having entered an information-explosion epoch, we are exposed to various advertisements per day.
23与书本相比，互联网具有许多明显的好处比如说高速，高效，易于操作等等。
23 Compared with books, the Internet enjoys many obvious advantages such as high speed, great efficiency, easy accessibility, to name just a few.
24和自学相比，老师和学生之间会有一种面对面的交流因此会更加的生动，互动，有效。
24 Compared with studying alone, there is a face-to-face communication between teachers and students, so it is more vivid, interactive and efficient.
25一谈到电视，许多人认为其是祸而非福。
25 Speaking of TV, many people think it is a curse rather than a blessing.
26那些学习国际新闻课程的学生通常会拥有更加敏锐的观察力。
26 Students studying international news often have keen insight.
27简而言之，人们对于幸福的定义不同。
27 Simply put, people have different definitions of happiness.
28综上所述，我们可以清楚地看出看电视将会对孩子产生深远的影响。
28 We can see clearly that watching television will exert a far-reaching impact on children.
29该问题是如此严重，因此我们别无选择不得不采取一些切实有效的措施。
29 So serious is this problem that we have no alternative but to take some effective measures to solve this problem.
30万事开头难。
30 It is first step that costs most.
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