(1)实验室用氢氧化钙和氯化铵制取氨气
2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=19.00&md5sum=689adc0f8b2c5111f1f342302d736bbb&sign=33fb9eda88&rtcs_flag=2&rtcs_ver=4&l=webapp&bucketNum=477&ipr={"t":"img","r":"r_6","w":"19.00","h":"22.00","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image1.png","imgOriW":19,"imgOriH":22})
CaCl2+2NH3+2H2O
(2)仪器：铁架台，铁夹，酒精灯，两个大试管，棉花；氯化铵固体，氢氧化钙固体。
(3)装置图：
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=306.00&md5sum=689adc0f8b2c5111f1f342302d736bbb&sign=33fb9eda88&rtcs_flag=2&rtcs_ver=4&l=webapp&bucketNum=477&ipr={"t":"img","r":"r_6","w":"306.00","h":"204.00","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image2.png","imgOriW":306,"imgOriH":204})
(4)注意：
a. 一般用Ca(OH)2，而不用NaOH，因NaOH碱性太强，对大试管腐蚀比Ca(OH)2强。
b. 选用Ca(OH)2时要检验消石灰是否变质， 因经过长期存放后消石灰部分变成碳酸钙，最好用新制的消石灰。
c. NH4CL与Ca(OH)2质量比5：8为宜，如用(NH4)2SO4代替NH4CL，则质量比为1：1，消石灰过量，以防止生成氨合物。
d. 试管口（盛固体药品的试管）要略向下倾斜；
e. 固体药品要平铺试管底部；
f.导出氨气的导管要短，收集氨气的导管要长，伸入试管底部；
g.为使氨气收集更多，防止空气中的水蒸汽进入收集氨气的试管，在试管口防一块，但不能堵死
h.酒精灯加热用外焰，先均匀加热，后对固体加热。
(5)收集方法： 用向下排气法取气法收集。因氨气极易溶于水，比空气轻。
干燥氨气： 用碱石灰，不能用浓硫酸和氯化钙干燥氨气。
检验氨气：用湿润的红色石蕊试纸，氨气能使湿润的红色石蕊试纸变蓝。
氯气的实验室制法:
(1)实验室用浓盐酸和二氧化锰反应制取氯气。
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=254.00&md5sum=689adc0f8b2c5111f1f342302d736bbb&sign=33fb9eda88&rtcs_flag=2&rtcs_ver=4&l=webapp&bucketNum=477&ipr={"t":"img","r":"r_6","w":"254.00","h":"26.00","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image3.png","imgOriW":254,"imgOriH":26})
(2)装置图：
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=329.00&md5sum=689adc0f8b2c5111f1f342302d736bbb&sign=33fb9eda88&rtcs_flag=2&rtcs_ver=4&l=webapp&bucketNum=477&ipr={"t":"img","r":"r_6","w":"329.00","h":"172.00","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image4.png","imgOriW":329,"imgOriH":172})
(3) 步骤：
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=317.00&md5sum=689adc0f8b2c5111f1f342302d736bbb&sign=33fb9eda88&rtcs_flag=2&rtcs_ver=4&l=webapp&bucketNum=477&ipr={"t":"img","r":"r_6","w":"317.00","h":"438.00","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image5.png","imgOriW":317,"imgOriH":438})
氯气的工业制法：
(1)电解饱和食盐水(氯碱工业)，化学方程式为：
![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=322.00&md5sum=689adc0f8b2c5111f1f342302d736bbb&sign=33fb9eda88&rtcs_flag=2&rtcs_ver=4&l=webapp&bucketNum=477&ipr={"t":"img","r":"r_6","w":"322.00","h":"69.00","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image6.png","imgOriW":322,"imgOriH":69})
(2)电解熔融的氯化钠(可制得金属蚋)，化学方程式为：![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=235.00&md5sum=689adc0f8b2c5111f1f342302d736bbb&sign=33fb9eda88&rtcs_flag=2&rtcs_ver=4&l=webapp&bucketNum=477&ipr={"t":"img","r":"r_6","w":"235.00","h":"30.00","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image7.png","imgOriW":235,"imgOriH":30})
(3)电解熔融的氯化镁(可制得金属镁)，化学方程式为：![](https://wkrtcs.bdimg.com/rtcs/image?w=237.00&md5sum=689adc0f8b2c5111f1f342302d736bbb&sign=33fb9eda88&rtcs_flag=2&rtcs_ver=4&l=webapp&bucketNum=477&ipr={"t":"img","r":"r_6","w":"237.00","h":"37.00","dataType":"png","c":"word/media/image8.png","imgOriW":237,"imgOriH":37})
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