长安大学研究生期末英语考试题（答案）

长安大学研究生期末英语考试题(答案)

长安大学2011-2012 学年第 一 学期

硕士研究生英语 试题（A）卷

考生注意事项:

一． 本考试由两部分组成：试卷一（Paper One）包括词汇、完形填空与阅读理解三部分，共65题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（Paper Two）包括翻译与写作两部分，共2题。　两份试卷合并装订成试题册。

二． 试卷一（题号1-65）为客观评分题，答案一律用中性（HB或2B）铅笔做在机读答题卡上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如【A】【B】【C】【D】。

三． 试卷二为主观评分题，答案一律写在主观答题纸ANSWER SHEETⅡ上。答题前，请仔细阅读试卷二前的注意事项。请在答题纸上写上姓名、学号、班级及任课教师姓名，以免漏改、漏登成绩。

四． 答题卡和答题纸上须写清姓名和准考证号，考试结束时一并交回。答题卡和答题纸上不得做任何记号，否则答案无效。

试卷一为70分钟，试卷二为50分钟。考

2. His speech was made with such great ambiguity that neither supporter nor opponent could be certain of his true position.

3. The eating process is a time to show humility and concern for others.

4. Some liberals dream of extending subsidies eligible low-income families, but that $100 billion-a-year solution was unrealistic even before the budget deficit ballooned again.

5. While participation in business teams can offer enormous psychic satisfaction, it can also cause great distress.

6. Even when government regulations appear specially formulated to support the culture of cuisine, they often go astray.

7. Yoga originated in ancient India and is one of the longest surviving philosophical systems.

8. Impatience, self-criticism and comparing oneself to others will not help in this process of self-knowledge.

9. Under pressure, or change of interest, Potentials can partially or wholly disappear from view for considerable periods of time; but nothing can permanently modify them, nothing can obliterate them.

10. Government employees living in remote communities receive an isolated post allowance payment to help offset the higher cost of living.

Section B (0.5 point each)

Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.

11. Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of ________that you can count on to get the job done.

12. It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between ________and industry.

13. Guangdong Province is located in southern China，with a_______climate and abundant produce all year round.

14. Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo River after being politically_________.

15. At a party or a banquet, everyone first takes into consideration the needs of the group; with the eating process also being a time to show _________and concern for others.

16. Once desire diminishes, disappointed lovers may wonder where the “spark ” in their relationship has gone and may ________regretfully and longingly about “the good days”.

17. These misconceptions often lead to unrealistic expectation, stereotypes, and _________.

18. Countless unnamed and unrecorded men have given their lives for their fellowmen, not only on the _________but on the home-front as well.

19. A study of history reveals that the people who walked this earth in______ were moved by the same fundamental forces, were swayed by the same passions , and the same aspirations as the men and women of today.

20. Human nature is the basis of character, the temperament and _________; it is that indestructible matrix upon which the character is built.

Part II CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points)

Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

Every man unfolds a distinct character over which circumstances and education have only the most limited __21__. No two people will have ever __22__ the same conclusions from the same experiences, but each must interpret events and __23__ them into the mosaic of his own life pattern. Human nature is ever true to itself, not to the systems of faith or education. Each __24__ to the structure of the mold into which the soul was cast at the time of its individualization. The qualities __25__ in one remain as potentials whether they have a chance to develop or not. Under pressure, or change of interest, they can partially or wholly __26__ from view for considerable periods of time; but __27__ can permanently modify them, nothing can obliterate them.

Although man is potentially __28__ he is far from being actually so. If he were actually perfect there would be __29__ for preachers, teachers and humanitarians to do; no use for churches, schools, courts and prisons. __30__ while it is impossible to change human nature, it can be studied, controlled and directed and this should be the supreme __31__ of our religious, educational and social institutions.

Man is perfect as a seed is perfect, germinally. The spirit is perfect, but when it __32__ human structures, it participates in the imperfections of __33__; and during its association with matters takes on a mortal weakness, desires and limitations. But the spirit, the inner man, remains untouched and undefiled by evil. Only the outer man---the personality and the physical body---becomes imperfect, due to ignorance, wrong thinking and __34__ of the laws of being. The outer man, too, was originally perfect, __35__ man has so desecrated and abused it that today it is a far __36__ from the original model.

Man’s inherent goodness, moreover, is __37__ by his countless acts of heroism, unselfishness and sacrifice. Human nature does not and cannot __38__ but unfolds its inherent pattern. Man has a nature and its __39__ can be known. We can only endeavor __40__ man as he is.

Part III READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 50 points)

Directions: In this part of the test, there are six short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer [A],[B],[C] or [D], and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

Passage One

Acting is such an over-crowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of going on the stage is "Don't!” But it is useless to try to discourage someone who feels that he must act, though the chances of his becoming famous are slim. The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and talent are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young actor or actress takes up work with a repertory company, usually as an assistant stage manager. This means doing everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the costumes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very hard work indeed. The hours are long and the salary is tiny. But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy, waiting for the chances of working with a better company, or perhaps in films or television.

Of course, some people have unusual chances which lead to fame and success without this long and dull training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary girl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to catch sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he drove past in his big car. He told the driver to stop, and he got out to speak to the girl. He asked her if she would like to go to the film studio to do a test, and at first she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer twenty minutes to tell Connie that he was serious. Then an appointment was made for her to go to the studio the next day. The test was successful. They gave her some necessary lessons and within a few weeks she was playing the leading part opposite one of the most famous actors of the day. Of Course, she was given a more dramatic name, which is now world-famous. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!

41. According to the passage, the main reason why young people should be discouraged from becoming actors is ______.

[A] actors are very unusual people

[B] the course at the drama school lasts two years

[C] acting is really a hard job

[D] there are already too many actors

42. An assistant stage manager's job is difficult because he has to ______.

[A] do all kinds of stage work [B] work for long hours

[C] wait for a better company [D] act well

43. According to the context, the sentence "But young actors with the stage in their blood are happy" at the end of the first paragraph means ______.

[A] they don't care if their job is hard

[B] they like the stage naturally

[C] they are born happy

[D] they are easily satisfied

44. Conie Pratt soon became a famous actress after ______.

[A] learning some lessons about the art of speaking

[B] playing her part in the "Blue Colored Moon"

[C] successfully matching the most famous actors

[D] acting a leading part with a most famous actor at that time

45. The phrase "once in a blue moon" in last line refers to ______.

　 [A] all at once [B] once for a long time

[C] once in a while [D] once and for all

Passage Two

Desegregation of higher education has produced significant improvements in education for all Americans. The opening up of segregated colleges and universities to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds came about only as the result of many forms of prolonged struggle in the courts, in the streets, and on campuses.     

The efforts to open up higher educational opportunities for blacks in historically white institutions also led to expanded opportunities for lower- and middle-class white students, especially at institutions that adopted “open admissions” policies of accepting all high school graduates. Between 1960 and 1981, while the number of black students between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four enrolled in college increased from 134,000 to over750,000, the number of white students in the same age group grew from just over 2 million to over 6.5 million. In 1960 more than one-half of blacks attending colleges were enrolled at historically black institutions. By 1981 that percentage had declined to just 18 per cent. Most of the blacks enrolled in traditionally white institutions, however, were at two-year community colleges or at four-year public colleges that were becoming or had already become predominantly black.   

Desegregation of higher education produced difficult problems for historically black institutions that had always struggled under great hardship to provide higher education for blacks when blacks had been barred from white institutions. Historically black institutions, however, have continued to produce a high percentage of the most educationally and professionally successful blacks in the United States. Meanwhile, blacks in predominantly white institutions have achieved notable progress, but they have also encountered various problems.    

College completion rates for young blacks have increased substantially, but they are only about one-half the rate for young whites. In 1981, for example, 11.5 percent of blacks aged twenty-five to twenty-nine and 21.3percent of whites in that age group had completed college.     

Blacks continue to be substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the United States. During the early 1980s blacks comprised about 6 percent of students in graduate school and medical school and about 4 percent of all law school students. Blacks also received about 4 percent of all doctoral degrees, but over half of these degrees were conferred in one discipline—education. In general, since the cry of “reverse discrimination” was raised during the middle of the 1970s, black progress in higher education has been slowed and perhaps even reversed.    

46. What is the main idea of the passage? 

[A] Desegregation of higher education produced many difficulties for historically black institutions.  

[B] The opening up of higher educational opportunities for blacks led to expanded opportunities for white students too. 

[C] Blacks have been historically repressed in graduate and professional schools in the United States.   

[D] Desegregation of higher education has brought more higher educational opportunities for black and white students alike.   

47. What can be inferred about the opening up of segregated colleges and universities? 

[A] It came about as the result of a surge in the number of students enrolled in higher institutions. 

[B] It came about as the result of time-long resistance against racial discrimination against blacks.     

[C] It came about when the cry of “reverse discrimination” was raised.    

[D] It came about when efforts to expand educational opportunities for lower- and middle-class black people were intensified.  

48. Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of the opening up of segregated colleges and universities? 

[A] Black students were substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the United States.  

[B] It brought a significant increase in the number of white students.  

[C] It created thorny problems for historically black institutions.  

[D] The number of black students between eighteen to twenty-four years old enrolled in college greatly increased.  

49. After the desegregation of higher education black students are still unlikely to .

[A] get enrolled in traditionally white colleges  

[B] get enrolled in traditionally black institutions    

[C] complete college  

[D] get a Doctor’s Degree in science  

50. Which of the following is true about historically black institutions?

[A] The students in historically black institutions are no longer predominantly black after the opening up of segregated institutions.  

[B] They created many problems for their students. 

[C] They achieved notable progress even though they were under great hardship. 

[D] The number of historically black institutions dropped in the 1960s and 1970s. 

Passage Three

What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special-purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manually driven cars. A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity.

Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special-purpose lanes were available, the car would enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp. (入口引道). As the driver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the drive would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a “transition” lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic. (The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected, because all trespasser(非法进入者)could swiftly identified by authorities.)

Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automated control here should allow for smooth merging, without the usual uncertainties and potential for accidents. And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel, the driver would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax.

51. We learn from the first paragraph that two system of automated highways____

[A] are being planned [B] are being modified

[C] are now in wide use [D] are under construction

52. A special-purpose lane system is probably advantageous in that .

[A]it would require only minor changes to existing highways

[B] it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiency

[C]it has a lane for both automated and partially automated vehicles

[D] it offers more lanes for automated vehicles

53. Which of the following is true about driving on automated highway?

[A]Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different lanes according to their destinations

[B] A car can join existing traffic anytime in a mixed lane system

[C] The driver should inform his car computer of his destination before driving onto it

[D] The driver should share the automated lane with those of regular vehicles

54. We know from the passage that a car can enter a special-purpose lane—

[A] by smoothly merging with cars on the conventional lane

[B] by ways of a ramp with electronic control devices

[C] through a specially guarded gate

[D] after all trespassers are identified and removed

55. When driving in an automated lane, the driver___

[A] should harmonized with newly entering cars

[B] doesn’t have to rely on his computer system

[C] should watch out for potential accidents

[D] doesn’t have to hold on to the steering wheel

Passage Four

I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to officiate at two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died "full of years," as the Bible would say; both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence (吊唁) calls on the two families on the same afternoon.

　　At the first home, the son of the deceased (已故的) woman said to me, "If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It's my fault that she died." At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, "If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the abrupt change of climate, was more than she could take. It's my fault that she's dead."

　　When things don't turn out as we would like them to, it is very tempting to assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Priests know that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite course-keeping Mother at home, postponing the operation-would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?

　　There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.

The second element is the notion that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. Psychologists speak of the infantile myth of omnipotence (万能). A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that infantile notion that our wishes cause things to happen.

56. What is said about the two deceased elderly women?

[A] They lived out a natural life.

　 [B] They died of exhaustion after the long plane ride.

　 [C] They weren't accustomed to the change in weather.

　 [D] They died due to lack of care by family members.

57. The author had to conduct the two women's funerals probably because ________.

　 [A] he wanted to console the two families

　 [B] he was an official from the community

　 [C] he had great sympathy for the deceased

　 [D] he was priest of the local church

58. People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because ________

　 [A] they couldn't find a better way to express their grief

　 [B] they believe that they were responsible

　 [C] they had neglected the natural course of events

　 [D] they didn't know things often turn out in the opposite direction

59. In the context of the passage, "…… the world makes sense" (Line 2, Para, 4) probably means that ________.

　 [A] everything in the world is predetermined

　 [B] the world can be interpreted in different ways

　 [C] there's an explanation for everything in the world

　 [D] we have to be sensible in order to understand the world

60. People have been made to believe since infancy that ________.

　 [A] everybody is at their command

　 [B] life and death is an unsolved mystery

　 [C] every story should have a happy ending

　 [D] their wishes are the cause of everything that happens

Passage Five

According to some individuals, if your house is built in the right position, this may affect your success in life, which seems strange to many people. However, to believers in Feng-Shui, or the art of geomancy, not only the position but also the choice of decorations and even the color of your home can mean the difference between good fortune and disaster. This art has been practiced for centuries in China and is still used all over South East Asia. Even the huge Hong Kong banks call in a geomant if they are planning to build new offices. They have such faith in his knowledge that if he advises them to move, they will alter their plans for even their biggest buildings.

Like many Oriental beliefs the geomant's skill depends on the idea of harmony in nature. If there is no imbalance between the opposing forces of Yin and Yang, the building will bring luck to its inhabitants. This means that the house must be built on the right spot as well as facing the right direction, and also be painted an auspicious color. For instance, if there are mountains to the north, this will protect them from evil influences. If the house is painted red, this will bring happiness to the occupants while green symbolizes youth and will bring long life. Other factors, such as the owner's time and date of birth, are taken into account, too. The geomant believes that unless all these are considered when choosing a site for construction, the fortune of the people using it will be at risk.

Indeed, to ignore the geomant's advice can have fatal results. The death of the internationally famous Kung-Fu star, Brucee Lee, has been used as an example. It is said that when Lee found out that the house he was living in was an unlucky one, he followed a geomant's advice and installed an eight-sided mirror outside his front door to bring him luck. Unfortunately, a storm damaged the mirror and the house was left unprotected from harmful influences. Soon afterwards Lee died in mysterious circumstances.

Not only is Feng-Shui still used in South East Asia, but it has also spread right across the world. Even in modern New York a successful commercial artist called Milton Glaser has found it useful. He was so desperate after his office was broken into six times that he consulted a geomant. He was told to install a fish tank with six black fish and fix a red clock to the ceiling. Since then he has not been burglarized once. It may seem an incredible story, but no other suitable explanation has been offered.

61. From the passage we can infer that Feng-Shui is NOT used in ______.

[A] Hong Kong [B] the United States

　 [C] Japan [D] Thailand

62. Geomants believe that ______.

[A] houses must only be painted red

[B] houses must face mountains

[C] nature and life should be in harmony

[D] green is an unlucky color

63. Geomants think that the reason for Bruce Lee's death is that ______.

[A] he didn't follow the geomant’s advice

[B] he installed an eight-sided mirror

[C] he misunderstood the geomant's advice

[D] a storm damaged the protection for his house

64. The story of Milton Glaser shows that ______.

[A] colors are not important in geomancy

　 [B] geomancy is used by artists

　 [C] geomancy is used in the West

　 [D] the fight against crime is being won

65. Which of the following best describes geomancy?

　 [A] It is a style of Oriental decoration.

　 [B] It is a type of painting.

　 [C] it is an ancient Chinese belief called Feng-Shui.

　 [D] It is an architectural design.

试卷二（Paper Two）

译写答题注意事项:

一、 本试卷（Paper Two）答题一律写在主观答题纸（Answer Sheet II）上，草稿纸及试题测上的答案内容一律不予计分。

二、 中、英文尽可能做到字迹清晰，书写工整，疏密相间均匀，字体大小适当。

三、 英文作文必须逐行书写，不得隔行或跳行。

Part IV TRANSLATION (25 minutes, 15 points)

Section A (10 minutes, 5 points)

Directions: Put the following two paragraphs into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.

1. From bankers to factory staff, employees in the West face the bleak prospect of losing their jobs as a global recession starts to bite. For colleagues in the East, the pain is more likely to come through a pay cut. Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian firms try harder to preserve jobs in difficult times, which will stem unemployment and may help keep Asian economies afloat at a time of slowing exports.

2. Even with the technology embedded in today's automobiles, driving can be a frustrating and potentially deadly experience. This is especially true in large metropolitan cities, where the criss-crossing network of highways creates an amazingly complex system, just waiting for something to go wrong. And things will go wrong, there’s no avoiding that, the system depends on far too many elements.

Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)

Directions: Put the following sentences into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.

1. 那些不喜欢自己的人却有可能不停地寻找爱的关系来改变差强人意的自我形象。(bolster)

2. 该计划重建了一些城市的社区，但是把更多享有补贴的公寓房夷为平地而不是取而代之。（raze）

3. 三手烟是指在香烟熄灭数小时甚至数天后残留在地毯、服装和其它材料中的烟雾造成的污染。(put out)

4. 举办文化节不仅可以促进中国人民与世界各地人民的文化交流，也可以扩大经济和其他领域的交流。(extend)

5. 书籍具有不朽的本质， 是人类勤奋努力的最为持久的产物。寺庙会倒塌，神像会朽烂，而书却经久长存。(decay)

Part V WRITING (25 minutes, 15 points)

Directions: Write a composition of no less than 180 words on the following topic and outline. Use the proper space on Answer Sheet II.

The rising levels of congestion and air pollution found in most of the world cities can be attributed directly to the rapidly increasing number of private cars in use. In order to reverse this decline in the quality of life in cities, some people suggest limiting car use and encouraging public transport, while others advocate that China is on the way to well-off society in which cars are needed for the average family. What’s your view? Write a composition on the following topic:

Should Car Use be limited in China?

You are to write in three parts:

1. Some people propose the limited use of cars

2. Others oppose the view of limiting car use

3. Your view on this issue

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