英语名词用法总结(完整)

发布时间:2020-04-04 22:05:45   来源:文档文库   
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英语名词用法总结(完整)

一、单项选择名词

1The two sides have finally reached a(n) _______ , though some small differences(分歧) still exist(存在).

Aannouncement Bagreement Camazement Dachievement

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:尽管仍存在一些小分歧,但双方最终达成了一致。A. announcement宣告;B. agreement一致;C. amazement惊愕;D. achievement成就。根据“though some small differences(分歧) still exist”可推知,此处表示达成一致,故B项正确。

2As for your ________ about the shoes, sir, I will speak to the person in charge and ask him either to give you another pair or to give your money back.

Acomposition Bcompromise Ccomplaint Dconcept

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。A. composition作文; B. compromise妥协; C. complaint抱怨; D. concept概念。句意:先生,关于你对这双鞋的投诉,我会和负责的人谈谈,让他要么给你另一双鞋,要么把钱还给你。complaint about“------抱怨,故选C

3His conflicted with that of the other witnesses and yet his story had, for me, the ring of truth.

Aexpectation Binstruction

Cresponse Daccount

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:他的叙述与其他目击者讲的有矛盾。然而在我看来,他所说的有可能是真的。A. expectation期望;B. instruction指示;C. response 回应 ;D. account陈述。由“yet his story”可知,account符合句意。故D选项正确。

4Only when women are enabled to become strong will our families, our economies, and our societies reach their fullest .

Adistinction Binnovation

Cpotential Dappreciation

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。A. distinction区别; B. innovation创新; C. potential潜能; D. appreciation欣赏。句意:只有当妇女能够变得强大时,我们的家庭、经济和社会才能充分发挥其潜力。结合句意可知答案为C

5The success of her book has given her high social .

Astatus Bsculpture

Capproval Dfigure

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:她的书的成功给了她很高的社会地位。A. status地位;B. sculpture雕塑;C. approval批准;D. figure数字,根据题意,故选A

6One hundred percent_______to your studies though it can be lonely and no fun at all will leave precious marks on your youth

Aresponse Boffence

Ccommitment Dreaction

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:百分之百的投入到学习中去,尽管会既孤独又无趣,它却会给你的青春留下珍贵的印记。A. response响应、反应;B. offence犯罪、违反;C. commitment承诺、献身;D. reaction反应、感应。commitment“承诺、献身符合句意。故C选项正确。

7On how to improve our spoken English, Mr. Smith has given us ______.

Amany good advices Ba number of advice

Cmuch advice Dsome advices

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查不可数名词的用法。句意:关于如何提高我们的英语口语,史密斯先生给了我们很多建议。advice为不可数名词,需要使用much或者a lot of来修饰;A项中many修饰可数名词;Ba number of修饰可数名词复数;Dadvices错误,故选C

8---Did you see the new movie directed by that famous director? It’s said to be ______great success.

---No, I have been busy preparing all the office______ these days.

A/; equipments Bthe; equipment C/; equipment Da; equipment

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查冠词和名词复数。句意:---你看过那位著名导演,导演的新电影了吗?据说非常成功。---没有,这些天我一直在忙着准备所有的办公设备。success为不可数名词,但a success强调是一件〔个〕成功的事或人。这是抽象名词的具体化的用法。 equipment为不可数名词,没有复数形式,不要不定冠词来修饰。故D选项正确。

【点睛】

抽象名词是指表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词。抽象名词一般为不可数名词,如successprogresspitysurprise等。但是,在一定场合下,某些抽象名词和某些物质名词可以具体化为个体名词,这时它们具有可数名词的功能,这种情况我们称之为抽象名词具体化。现将中学阶段常见的这类名词归纳如下:

一、表示抽象的特性、状态、思维以及动作行为的一次、一种、一场、一类等的名词,有时可具体化为可数名词。这时常组成“aan+形容词+抽象名词结构。如:

He has a great interest in English.他对英语显得很感兴趣。

二、表示具有某种特性、状态、情感、情绪的人或物,这类名词有的已经完全转化为可数名词,词义也有所变化。如:

抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如:

抽象名词(不可数) 具体化(个体名词,可数名词)

in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事

win success获得成功 a success一个()成功的人()

分析句子可知,success为不可数名词,但a success强调是一件〔个〕成功的事或人。这是抽象名词的具体化的用法。 equipment为不可数名词,没有复数形式,不要不定冠词来修饰。故D选项正确。

9The organization was founded for the ________ of poor children.

Abenefit Binterest Cadvantage Dvalue

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个组织是为了贫困儿童的利益而建立的。A. benefit好处;利益;B. interest兴趣;爱好;C. advantage优势;D. value价值。根据句意故选A

10-- Do you agree friends you spend time with will change your life in one way or another?

-- Couldn't agree more. Hopefully our students can show great ________ in their choices of friends.

Aaccommodation Bdiscrimination

Creputation Ddistinction

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:——你同意和你在一起的朋友会以这样或那样的方式改变你的生活吗?——完全同意,希望我们的学生在选择朋友方面表现出很强的鉴别能力。A. accommodation住处;B. discrimination鉴别力;C. reputation名誉;D. distinction区别。根据“their choices of friends”可知此处表示鉴别力,故B项正确。

11Eric’s decision to design his coffee_________ around his work schedule, rather than biology, isn’t surprising given his history of breakfast.

Aorigin Brecipe Croutine Dtarget

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:埃里克决定根据自己的工作时间安排而不是生物规律来安排喝咖啡的时间,考虑到他吃早餐的历史,这并不奇怪。A. origin起源;B. recipe食谱,处方;C. routine常规,惯例;D. target目标。根据句意可知,his coffee routine 这里指他的喝咖啡的时间安排习惯,故选C

12I have absolutely no ________ the students who get caught cheating in exams even though they were seriously punished.

Aimpact on Bsympathy for

Cconcern about Dcomplaint about

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查短语辨析。句意:我绝对不同情那些考试作弊被抓的学生,即使他们受到了严厉的惩罚。A. impact on影响;B. sympathy for同情;C. concern about担心;关心;D. complaint about投诉;对……抱怨。根据句意可知选B

13In the book, the author describes how Iran has long sought an with America.

Aacceleration Baccomplishment

Caccumulation Daccommodation

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:这本书里,作者描述了伊朗如何长期与美国寻求和解。A. acceleration加速,促进;B. accomplishment成就,完成;C. accumulation积聚,累积;D. accommodation和解,膳宿。根据句意,故选D

14Some people experience shyness as a _______ to communication, but this can be broken down gradually.

Aconflict Btaboo Cbarrier Ddelay

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:有些人觉得羞怯成为交际上的障碍,但这是可以逐渐克服的。分析选项:conflict冲突,矛盾; taboo禁忌;barrier屏障; 障碍;delay耽搁; 延迟。可知C符合题意,故选C

15They celebrate their wedding ________ every year.

Aadvantage Baim Camount Danniversary

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们每年都庆祝结婚纪念日。A. advantage优势;B. aim目的;C. amount数量;D. anniversary周年纪念日。根据“They celebrate their wedding”可知,此处表示结婚纪念日,故D项正确。

16We observe the tradition of having a big family dinner with aan ____________ of delicious food on Spring Festival's Eve.

Aboom Bdivision

Creputation Dabundance

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:我们遵循传统,在除夕夜吃一顿有着丰盛美食的家宴。A. boom繁荣;B. division分配;C. reputation名声;D. abundance丰富,根据题意,故选D

17This restaurant has become popular for its wide____________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.

Adivision Barea

Crange Dcircle

【答案】C

【解析】

Crange范围。A项分歧,B项领域,D项圆圈,故只有c项符合题意。

18The past 40 years have witnessed different means of ____from bicycle kingdom to auto market.

Atransport Bchallenge Cexpression Dcommunication

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:过去的四十年见证了从自行车王国到电动汽车市场的不同形式的交通工具。A. transport 交通工具;B. challenge挑战;C. expression表达,表情;D. communication交流。由于自行车和电动汽车都属于交通工具,所以这句话描写的是不同的交通工具。故选A

19The child is so full of ______ that he can’t keep quiet.

Astrength Benergy Cpower Dforce

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:这孩子精力充沛,无法保持安静。A. strength力量;B. energy精力;活力;C. power权利;能力;D. force武力。根据句意故选B

20After the earthquake, the first thing the government did was to provide ______for the homeless families.

Aaccommodation Bresources Cfurniture Drecreation

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:地震后,政府做的第一件事就是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。A. accommodation住处;B. resources资源;物力;C. furniture家具;D. recreation反应。根据句意故选A

21More than half of the participants said that getting married was not an important___________ for becoming an adult.

Atension Brestriction Ccirculation Dcriterion

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。句意:超过一半的受访者表示,结婚并不是成为成年人的重要标准。A. tension紧张;B. restriction限制,约束;C. circulation流通,传播;D. criterion标准,准则。根据getting marriedbecoming an adult可知,结婚是成为一个成年人的准则。故选D

22Actively involve yourself in voluntary work and you will see what a(an) ________ it will make to your future life.

Ainfluence Bcontribution Cdifference Dvariety

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

本题考查固定短语。解题步骤:1.确定各项意思:A. influence影响;B. contribution贡献;C. difference不同;D. variety多样化;2.确定答案:固定短语make a difference有影响。句意:积极地参与志愿者的工作,你就会看见它对你未来的生活有多么大的影响。故选C

23(天津)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.

Aeffect Bsense

Cchange Dchance

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:句意:天气预报说今天今天会是多云,后半夜可能有雨。A.影响;B.感觉;C.改变;D.机会,可能性。故选D

考点:考查名词辨析。

24The _____on his face suggested that he was extremely angry.

Aimpression Bsight Cappearance Dexpression

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:他脸上的表情表明他非常生气。A. impression印象;B. sight视力,景象;C. appearance外貌,外表;D. expression表情,脸色。根据on his face可知指面部表情,故选D

25Ever since their quarrel, there has been an unpleasant in the office.

Acircumstance Batmosphere Csurroundings Dconsequence

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。句意:自从他们吵架以来,办公室里一直有一种不愉快的气氛。A. circumstance环境,状况;B. atmosphere大气,气氛;C. surroundings环境;D. consequence结果,后果。因为有人争吵,因此办公室的气氛和氛围不好,故选atmosphere合乎句意。故选B

26You’ll find this map of great ________ in helping you to get around in London.

Avalue Beffect Cconcern Dvision

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析,句意:你将会发现这份地图在助你环游伦敦上的巨大价值。A. value价值,重要性;B. effect影响,效果,作用;C. concern关心,忧虑;D. vision视力,美景,想象力。综合句意,这份地图对于指明旅行方向是有帮助的,对游客而言有价值”/是很重要的,故选A

【点睛】

词义辨析的考查,可以很深入,因此单词学习不应浮于表面。本题容易误选B,因为仅凭中文释义,而认为地图在帮助环游伦敦上有作用”/效果,似乎也说得通。但假如我们查询effect对应的英文释义:1The effect of one thing on another is the change that the first thing causes in the second thing. 2The effects in a film are the specially created sounds and scenery. 我们就能发现词义辨析的重要性。实际上,effect在表示作用,影响方面,主要用于表达因果关系(cause and consequence),强调一个事物对另一个的影响,且贬义为多;而在effect表示效果方面,则以音响、舞台灯光、荧屏效果为主,在本题中显然均不适用。因此,吃透词义十分关键。

27Have all the VIPs gone on _______ yet? The flight is taking off soon.

Afoot Bboard Cduty Dsale

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:所有的VIP都已经登记了吗?飞机马上要起飞了。A. foot脚;B . board 木板;C. duty义务;D. sale销售。通过后句语境可知飞机马上要起飞了,因此前句使用on board“登机切题。故选B项。

28Many scientists have believed that there may be a ______ of life on the Mars.

Asignal Bsign Cmark Dsigh

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:很多科学家相信在火星上有生命迹象。A. signal信号;B. sign标语,迹象;C. mark标记;D. sigh叹气。火星上的生命是有迹象的。故选B

29The principal's opening _____ at the new year's party threw the students into excitement.

Aethic Bremarks

Cattention Dpossessions

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:校长在新年晚会上的开场白使学生们兴奋不已。A. ethic伦理; B. remarks评论;C. attention注意力;D. possessions财产,根据题意,故选B

30That party has been in ________ for many years and it has showed its ________ in dealing with many important problems.

Apowerenergy Bpowerstrengths

Cforceenergy Dforcestrengths

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:那个政党已经执政很多年了,并且在处理许多重要问题上显现出了它的优势。in power意为执政、当权,故排除C.Denergy意为能量 strengths意为优势。根据翻译可知B项正确。

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