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2005年考研英语完形填空真题解析
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,1thisislargelybecause,2animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare3toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,4themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact,5,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,6wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof7humansmellsevenwhentheseare8tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.
Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,9othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate10smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend11tothebrain.However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell12cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen13toitoftenenough.
Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsit14tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan15newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay16explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells-wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot17oftheusualsmellofourownhouse,butwe18newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse's.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors19forunfamiliarandemergencysignals20thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.
1.[A]although[B]as[C]but[D]while
2.[A]above[B]unlike[C]excluding[D]besides3.[A]limited[B]committed[C]dedicated[D]confined4.[A]catching[B]ignoring[C]missing[D]tracking5.[A]anyway[B]though[C]instead[D]therefore6.[A]evenif[B]ifonly[C]onlyif[D]asif
7.[A]distinguishing[B]discovering[C]determining[D]detecting8.[A]diluted[B]dissolved[C]dispersed[D]diffused9.[A]when[B]since[C]for[D]whereas
10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical11.[A]signs[B]stimuli[C]messages[D]impulses12.[A]atfirst[B]atall[C]atlarge[D]attimes13.[A]subjected[B]left[C]drawn[D]exposed
14.[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient[D]insufficient15.[A]introduce[B]summon[C]trigger[D]create16.[A]still[B]also[C]otherwise[D]nevertheless17.[A]sure[B]stick[C]aware[D]tired18.[A]tolerate[B]repel[C]neglect[D]notice19.[A]available[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable
20.[A]similarto[B]suchas[C]alongwith[D]asidefrom文章背景
文章的主题是”人的鼻子”,作者谈论的中心议题是"我们常常低估了鼻子的功能。脑对鼻子感知的调节作用。
文章结构
文章第一段提出论点Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool(人的鼻子是一种被低估的工具)。第二段和第三段分别对人们认为人类的嗅觉不灵敏的原因进行反驳,并作出解释。
”作者
通过介绍人们对鼻子感知功能的误解和鼻子事实上具有的功能,对比了人们对气味的敏感性,以及大
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答案详解1.
【解析】[C]逻辑衔接题。
Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,thisislargely
because,animals,westandupright."人们常常认为,与动物相比,人类的嗅觉不够敏锐,••…而这在很大程度上是因为人类直立行走,
这一点与动物••…6"although
表示让步;as表示时间或者原因;but表示转折关系;while表示时间或者对比。四个选项中,but是表示转折的并列连词,but后面的内容是语句重心所在。因此,正确答案为Co
2.【解析】[B]语义衔接题。…thisislargelybecause,animals,westandupright."而这在很大程度上是因为人类直立行走,这一点与动物......."人类直立行走,而动物却不同。因此,正确答案为B。
3.【解析】[A]语义衔接/词汇辨析题。Thismeansthatournosesaretoperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair."这意味着我们的鼻子.......闻到漂浮在空气中的气味。"选项A.belimitedto被限制在.....;B.becommittedto被交给....答应承担...义务;C.bededicatedto奉献,献给;D.beconfinedto限制在,局限于。根据句意可以排除B、C项。beconfinedto有”把••…局限/限制于”的含义,但是它一般用于具体范围的符。因此,正确答案为A。
4.【解析】[C]语义衔接题。本题目选择介词或者现在分词,将前面的句子和后面的名词连接到一起,体现紧密的逻辑关系。句子叙述到
Thismeansthatournosesarelimitedto
"局限、限制”,与句子的语境不While也可以表示对比、转折,
但作为从属连词也有让步含义。从本题前后的语义关系来看,后半句语义应当是重心所在。
perceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces."这意味着我们的鼻子只能闻到漂浮在空气中的气味,
••…大多数在地表附近的气味。”不难
A.catching抓住;B.ignoringA、D项,ignore含有"