定语从句中关系代词的省略与保留

发布时间：2011-09-12 10:40:16 来源：文档文库

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定语从句中关系代词的省略与保留

定语从句中关系代词的省略与保留的几种情况

我们知道，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，但也有几种特殊情况，关系代词不用作宾语也可以省略，同学们学习和使用时请注意。

　　在下列情况下,引导宾语从句的关联词可以省略。

　　一、that在定语从句中作表语时。例如:

　　She is all (that) a teacher should be. 她具备一个老师应该具备的所有条件。

　　二、that在从句中作补语时。例如:

　　I'm not the fool(that) you thought me. 我不是你以前所认为的那个傻子了。

　　He is the nicest teacher (that) the students consider him in their school. 他就是学生认为学校中最好的那个老师。

　　三、作状语时的省略。

　　1. 当先行词是reason,且在定语从句中作原因状语时,可以用关系副词why或关系代词that,也可以省略。例如:

　　The reason (why/that) he failed was his laziness. 他失败的原因是因为他懒惰。

　　That is the reason I did it. 那就是我做那件事的原因。

　　2. 当先行词是way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时,关联词可用in which或that,也可以省略。例如:

　　The way(in which/ that) these comrades look at problems is wrong.这些同志看待问题的方式是错误的。

　　That was the way(in which / that) she worked the problem out. 她就是用那种办法解决问题的。

　　3. 当先行词是time时,关联词可用when, that或省略。例如:

　　The second time (that) I saw him was in 2000. 我第二次见到他是在2000年。

　　I don't know the exact time (when/ that) the sports meeting will take place. 我不知道运动会举办的确切时间。

　　4.当先行词是place时,关联词可用where,that或省略。例如:

　　The place(where/ that) we will have our picnic is not decided yet. 我们举行野餐的地点还没定下来。

　　This is the right place he was born.这儿就是他的出生地。(注意:句末不可用介词in)

　　同学们往往认为关系代词作宾语时就一定可以省略,其实不然.在下列四种情况下,关系代词虽作宾语,却不能省略。

　　一、在介词+whom /which结构中, whom, which不能省略。例如:

　　Do you know any shops nearby in which I can buy flowers?你知道附近有可以买到花的商店吗?

　　That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.刚才和我爸爸交谈的那个人是校长。

　　二、在非限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。例如:

　　Mr Green, whom you know, is the tallest in our school. 格林先生是我们学校里最高的,你也认识他。

　　The elephant is like a spear, as anyone can see. 大象像长矛,任何人都知道。

　　三、在the same ... as, such ... as, as ... as, the same... that结构中, as, that 即使作宾语,也不能省略。例如:

　　I have bought the same bike as you (have). (指同类用as)我买了一辆和你的一样的自行车。

　　This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday. 这就是我前天读过的那本书。(关系代词that如要换成as, 则指与我读的书一样,而不是同一本。)

　　四、当and, but, or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时,关系代词第一个可省略,第二、第三个等不可省略。例如:

　　This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I found very interesting. 这就是我昨天读的那本书,它很有趣。

You have many people around you (whom) you always turn to and whom you will never forget.你身边有很多人,你经常向他们求助,你永远不要忘记他们。