现代语言学 一绪论 1Linguisitics:Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage 2Phonetics:Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticscommunicationiscalledphonetics.Forexample,vowelsandconsonants 3Phonology”:Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.Forexample,phone,phoneme,andallophone. 4Morphology:Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoform words is called morphology.For example,boy and “ish”---boyish,teach---teacher. 5Syntax:Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax.Foresample,”Johnlikelinguistics.” 6Semantics:Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.Forexample,:Thesealcouldnotbefound.Thezookeeperbecameworried.”Thesealcouldnotbefound,Thekingbecameworried.”Herethewordsealmeansdifferentthings. 7Pragmatics:Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.For
