初中英语八大时态基本结构与标志词

八种时态基本结构与标志词

1、一般现在时 ：动词原形或三单 (注意三单变化)

含义：① 现阶段通常发生 ② 客观真理 ③ 状语从句表将来（主将从现）

标志：always、usually、 often、sometimes、hardly ever、seldom、every day、in the morning (afternoon …)、on Sundays、once a week、from time to time、at times、once in a while等

例子：We go to school at six forty every day.

      My brother reads a book once a week.

2、一般过去时 ：动词过去式 （注意过去式变化）

含义：过去一次性发生了或经常发生的动作

标志： yesterday、last week、three days ago、the day before yesterday、 in 1990 、in the 1930s、just now、those days、the other day、 once upon a time、at birth、at the age of、one day、recently、when引导表过去的从句等 

例子：I finished my work yesterday.

      He went to New York ten days ago.

3、现在进行时  ：am/ is/ are + doing （注意V-ing 变化）

含义：此刻或现阶段正在发生的动作（注意：be always doing 表达抱怨或赞扬语气，不表示正在发生的动作）

标志：Look! Listen! now、right now、at the moment\ time、at this moment\ time

at present 、 these days、It’s six o’clock.. 、Where is your father?

例子：Look! The boy is playing with a cat.

      It’s eight o’clock . The Smiths are watching TV in the living room.

4、过去进行时 ：was/ were + doing

含义：过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作

标志：at six yesterday morning、 at this time yesterday、at that moment\time、then

from 7 to 9 yesterday morning、the whole morning last Sunday、when和while引导表过去的句子

例子： He was taking a shower at 11 last night .

      They were cooking when the bell rang.(= While they were cooking, the bell rang.)

5、现在完成时 : have/ has + done （注意过去分词变化、三大区分）

(1) 影响类

含义： 过去发生，对现在有影响

标志：  already （“已经” 用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）

         yet  (“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处 / “还” 用于否定句的末尾处)

never  (“从不”用于中间处)

        ever （“曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）

        just  (“刚刚” 用于中间处)

before ("之前" 用于句尾）

     once/ twice/ three times...

例子：  I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。

（2）持续类

含义：过去发生，持续到现在

标志：for (后加一段时间，如：for three days  ),

since(后加过去的某一时间或过去时的句子，如：since 1998，since she left here、since then)

how long

in the last/past few years; over the years

so far= by now= until now

例子： She has lived in Fuzhou for three years. / since three years ago .

6、过去完成时：had done

含义：过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前的动作，即“过去的过去”

标志：until, before, by  the end of, by the time + 过去时间/过去动作

宾语从句主过从过（当从句部分为完成类时态时）

例子：The class had already begun when I came to school.

He told me he had already passed the exam.,

7、一般将来时  ：① will + 原形 ② am/ is/ are + going to + 原形

其他表将来的结构：be doing; be (about) to do

含义：过去一次性发生了或经常发生的动作

标志：tomorrow、the day after tomorrow、 next week、 this month、this afternoon、 at once=right away=in a minute

in an hour、in the future/ in future/ from now on、someday\one day、soon、two weeks from now等

例子：He will go to see a doctor tomorrow.

      I am going to play basketball next week..

      She is coming back in an hour.

8、过去将来时 ：① would + 原形 ② was/ were + going to + 原形

含义：过去预计将要发生的动作

标志：宾语从句主过从过（当从句部分为将来类时态时）

例子： He said (that) he would visit the Great Wall the next day .

       She told me (that) she was moving to France in two days .

判断动词时态的技巧：

.根据时间标志词

2.根据主从句呼应；主将—从现（状从），主过—从过（宾从），要过都过（其他从句）

3结合语境（对话或并列句），综合判断。

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