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2017年考研英语二真题

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2017年考研英语二真题D

minutes48secondsuptoanhour.
ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon’sOlympic“legacy”isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnot
happened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun—upto2012—butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto“inspireageneration.”ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.
Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreelite
athletes.Thedualaimwasmixedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.
Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentally“grassroots”,conceptascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods—makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas.[A]gainedgreatpopularity[B]createdmanyjobs
[C]strengthenedcommunityties[D]becomeanofficialfestival

22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon’sOlympic“legacy”hasfailedto.[A]boostpopulationgrowth[B]promotesportparticipation[C]improvethecity’simage[D]increasesporthoursinschools
23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit.[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents[B]focusesonmasscompetition[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers
24.Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould.
[A]organize“grassroots”sportsevents[B]superviselocalsportsassociations[C]increasefundsforsportsclubs[D]investinpublicsportsfacilities
25.Theauthor’sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis.[A]tolerant
[B]critical
[C]uncertain
[D]sympathetic

Text2

Withsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,it’seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”
Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.
Infantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice—itcanbeextremelydisconcertingfoethechildren.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention.“Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,”saysRadesky.Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids’useofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”withtheirchildren:“It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.”Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn’tlearningfromthescreendoesn’tmeanthere’snovaluetoit—particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.

26.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto______.

[A]simplifyroutinematters[B]absorbuserattention[C]betterinterpersonalrelations[D]increaseworkefficiency
27.Radesky’sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers’useofdevices______.[A]takesawaybabies’appetite[B]distractschildren’sattention
[C]slowsdownbabies’verbaldevelopment[D]reducesmother-childcommunication
28.Radesky’scitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”toshowthat_______.[A]itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions[B]verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange[C]childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents’mood[D]parentsneedtorespondtochildren’semotionalneeds
29.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto_______.[A]protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies[B]teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear[C]ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren[D]remainconcernedaboutkid’suseofscreens
30.AccordingtoTronick,kid’suseofscreensmay_______.[A]givetheirparentssomefreetime

[B]maketheirparentsmorecreative[C]helpthemwiththeirhomework[D]helpthembecomemoreattentive
Text3
Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegein
conjunctionwithincreasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn’tit?Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesn’tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoingsomethingthatisn’tacademic.
Butwhilethismaybetrue,it’snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.There’salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated“racetothefinishline,”whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschoolorlucrativecareer.Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits—infact,itprobablyenhancesit.
StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesand
environmentalchanges—allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.
Ifyou’renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.
AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.Thisisn’tsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.It’snotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafter
switchingtoolateinthegame.AtBostonCollege,forexample,youwouldhaveto

completeanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylateron.
31.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat______.
[A]theythinkitacademicallymisleading[B]theyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollege[C]itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers[D]itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses
32.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps______.[A]keepstudentsfrombeingunrealistic[B]lowerrisksinchoosingcareers[C]easefreshmen’sfinancialburdens[D]relievefreshmenofpressures
33.Theword“acclimation”(Line8,Para.3isclosestinmeaningto______.[A]adaptation[B]application[C]motivation[D]competition
34.Agapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelpingthem______.[A]avoidacademicfailures[B]establishlong-termgoals