人教版八年级下册英语语法全

1. thanks to 与thanks for 的用法辨析

(1) thanks to 是介词短语，意为“幸亏；由于”，用来说明原因。其后常用名词或代词在句中做状语，常位于句首，其后跟被感谢的对象，有时可与because of 互换。

eg：Thanks to the policeman，we caught the thief at last.

(2) thanks for 意为“因······而感谢”，强调感谢的理由，其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。

eg：Thanks for sending me flowers.

2. in time 与on time的用法辨析

(1) in time意为“及时”，表示时间刚好赶得上。

eg：The doctor came in time and saved his life.

(2) on time意为“按时”，表示在约定或规定时间之内。

eg：Please remember to get up on time.

3. run out 与 run out of的用法辨析

(1) run out of意为“用完；用光”，表示主动的意义，主语是人。

eg：Yesterday I ran out of the sugar in the kitchen.

(2) run out 用作不及物动词，表示“用完；耗尽；某物用完（花光）”。

eg：His money soon ran out.

4. used to 与 be used to的用法辨析

(1) used to 意为“曾经······；过去······”，其后跟动词原形，表示过去存在的某种状态或者过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。

eg：He used to read books at home，but now he always plays computer games outside.

(2) be used to 意为“习惯于······”，其中to为介词，故其后面跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。其中be动词还可以用get替换，get used to意为“变得习惯于······”。

eg：He’s used to getting up early on weekdays.

5. alone与lonely的用法辨析

eg：His grandparents live alone in a small house，but they don’t feel lonely.

(1) alone 意为“独自；单独”，着重说明独自一人，不带有感情色彩，仅表示客观的状态。

eg：I don’t need your help，so I can finish the work alone.

(2) lonely意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，有强烈的感情色彩；还有“荒凉的；偏僻的”的意思。

eg: He felt lonely after his children went to American.

There are many snakes on the lonely island.

(3) alone为表语形容词，只能做表语不能做定语；而lonely 既可以做表语也可作定语。

6. excited 与exciting的用法辨析

eg：The sports show is exciting，so we are really excited.

(1) be excited about 表示“对······感到兴奋”；excited意为“激动的，兴奋的”，用于描述人的主观感受。

eg：I was excited about the idea of having a dog.

(2) exciting意为“令人兴奋的”，用于修饰或描述事物本身的性质。

eg：The story is so exciting that we all want to know the end.

(3) 与exciting和excited类似的词还有：surprised/surprising；interested/interesting；relaxed/relaxing；bored/boring；tired/tiring等。

7. lend 与borrow的用法辨析

(1) borrow指从别人那里借入东西，常用语句型borrow something from somebody or somewhere 表示“从某人或某处借某物”。

eg：Do you often borrow books from library?

(2) lend 指把东西借给别人，强调借出，常用语句型lend something to somebody，表示“把某物借给某人”。

eg：He lent his umbrella to me yesterday，so I didn’t get wet.

8. in order to 与in order that的用法辨析

(1) in order to意为“目的是，为了”，和后面的动词构成不定式短语，表示目的。可放在句首，也可位于句中。其否定式为in order not to。

eg：In order to have a good future，we should study hard now.

She said she was ill in order not to go to school.

(2) in order that也表示“为了”，引导目的状语从句，相当于so that。

eg：We used the computer in order that we might save time.

(3) 当in order that 引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以把从句改写成in order to 结构。

eg：we started early in order that we could catch the first train.

=We started early in order to catch the first train.

9. offer 与 provide 的用法辨析

(1) provide和offer都有“提供；供给”的意思。provide侧重于做好准备而提供。provide something for somebody = provide somebody with something，意为“给某人提供某物”。

eg：The school provides three meals a day for us.

= The school provides us with three meals a day.

(2) offer表示“主动提出，资源给予”。常见搭配有offer to do something，offer somebody something 或offer something to somebody。

eg：She offered me a cup of tea.

10. hit与beat的用法辨析

(1) hit做动词，意为“碰撞；打击”，强调一次性动作。其过去式和过去分词与原形同形。hit somebody意为“击中某人”；表示“击中身体的某一部位”则用“hit somebody +介词+the+身体部位”。

eg：Thomas hit Sam on the head.

注意：get hit by为被动结构，意为“被······打着”。

eg：Susan got hit by a basketball when passing by the playground.

(2) beat 做动词，意为“打；敲；接连打击；击败”，强调重复性动作。

eg：My heart was beating so quickly after knowing the exciting news.

11. so···that

(1)His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.

该句为so···that···引导的结果状语从句，意为“如此······以至于······”。该句型中的so为副词，用来修饰形容词或副词；that后为从句，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，也可用too···to···或enough···to···构成简单句表达。

eg：He is so old that he can go to school.

=He’s old enough to go to school.

This question is so difficult that I can’t work it out.

(2)You should call him so that you can say you’re sorry.

该句为so that引导的目的状语从句，so that意为“为了；以便于”，that从句中常使用can，may等情态动词。

eg：We started early so that we could catch the first train to Xi’an.

12.提建议的句型

(1)“Why not/ Why don’t you+动词原形”意为“为什么不······”。

常用肯定答语有：Good idea!/Good./All right./Sure.等。

否定答语有：No, I don’t think so./ Sorry, I can’t.等。

eg：---Why don’t you buy some flowers for your mother？

---Good idea!

---A nice day，isn’t it？

---Yes, why not go for a picnic and relax ourselves.

(2)“Let’s+动词原形+其他”，意为“让我们······吧”。

eg：Let’s play soccer after school.

(3)“How/What about+名词/代词/动词-ing形式+其他？”意为“······怎么样？”。

eg：What about talking about it with your teacher？

(4)“Would you like to+动词原形”，意为“你愿意······吗？”。

eg：Would you like to watch a game show on TV?

(5)“could/should+动词原形+其他”，意为“可以/应该······”。

eg：The hospital is far from here. You could take a bus there.

You should obey the rules in school.

13.动词不定式的用法

动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。基本形式为“to+动词原形”；其否定式为“not+动词不定式”。不定式可在句中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等，其用法如下：

(1)位于learn，begin，want，plan，agree，decide，would like等动词后面做宾语。

eg：They decided to visit Hong Kong next week.

(2)放在tell，ask，want，like等动词后做宾语补足语。

eg：He asked my father to repair his broken car.

(3)位于感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice或使役动词let，make，have等后做宾语补足语时，常用不带to的不定式。

eg：I saw a dog come out of the room.

(4)位于happy，sad，glad，surprised，bored，relaxed，excited等形容词后做状语，表示原因。

eg：Helen was surprised to meet me in the street.

(5)和which，what，where等疑问词连用，在句中做主语，表语和宾语等。

eg：When to start is not decided yet.

The problem is where to have a party.

I want to know how to get to the park.

14.have trouble 的用法

(1) trouble做不可数名词，意为“困难；麻烦”。Have (some，much, no) trouble (in) doing something意为“在做某事方面有（一些，许多，没有······）困难”。其中trouble 还可以改为difficulty，problem等。

eg：I have trouble understanding it.

(2) have trouble with something意为“在某（些）方面有困难”。

eg：I have trouble with my English.

15.反身代词的用法

反身代词用来表示反射或强调，与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、性别和数上保持一致。

(1)反身代词的构成

(2)反身代词的用法

可做宾语，指宾语和主语表示的是同一个或同一些人或事物。

eg：My sister can’t look after herself well.

可做表语，指表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事。

eg：Just be yourself.

可做主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。

eg：I met the writer himself last week.

用在某些固定短语中。

look after oneself; take care of oneself; teach oneself; learn something by oneself; enjoy oneself; help oneself to something; hurt oneself；all by oneself等。

eg：Those girls enjoyed themselves in the party.

16.“主语+谓语+it+形容词+不定式”结构

You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.

17.在句中it做make的形式宾语，不定式短语for me to have Lucky为真正的宾语。这一结构通常由形容词做宾补构成“主语+谓语+it+形容词+不定式”的结构。

eg：I think it important to learn English well.

拓展：it 还可以做形式主语，把真正的主语放在句尾。

eg：It’s necessary for us to exercise every day.

17.as soon as

The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over.

the minute相当于as soon as，意为“一······就······”，引导时间状语从句。此句型遵循“主将从现”的原则。当从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。

eg：I’ll write to you the minute I get to America.

=I’ll write to you as soon as I get to America.

18.to 引导不定式短语做目的状语，意为“为了······”。常放在句首，表示强调。

eg: To learn English well, he listens to English tapes every day.

19.any other的用法

（1）any other意为“其他任何一个”，是指在统一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他人或事物；后面接可数名词单数形式，通常用于比较级句型，多用于统一范围内的事物的比较。

eg: Lucy is more careful than any other student in her class.

（2）“any other+可数名词单数”常可与“the other+可数名词复数”的结构互换，用比较级的结构表达最高级的意义。

eg: Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China.

=Shanghai is bigger than the other cities in China.

=Shanghai is the biggest city in China.

20. 表示“倍数”的句型

（1）表述事物之间的倍数关系。

“倍数+as+原级+as”。

eg: Asia is four times as large as Europe.

“倍数+比较级+than”。

eg: The book is three times longer than that one.

注意：A is···times larger/ higher/ longer/ wider than B. 意为“A比B大/高/长/宽······倍”。而A is···times as big/ high/ long/ wide as B.表示“A是B的······倍大/高/长/宽”.

（2）表示一倍用once，两倍用twice, 三倍（以）上用“基数词+times”。若要表示“比······倍还要多”可在倍数前加over或more than等。

eg: The car runs twice faster than that truck.

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